Recurring card payments to be hit from next month, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Some cardholders might see standing instructions for payment on their credit card fail from next month. These could be for subscriptions with online content platforms, edtech companies or standing instructions for online advertisement payments. Some of these merchants are yet to comply with RBI’s new requirement of additional factor authentication (OTP) for recurring payments through cards though the deadline is less than a week away.

According to sources, around 75% of the banks have put in place the technology to meet RBI’s directive. However, there are some banks and merchants who are still in wait-and-watch mode. Banks are writing to customers, warning that some transactions may fail: “Effective October 1, 2021, the bank will not approve any standing instruction (e-mandate on cards for recurring transactions) given at merchant website/app on HDFC Bank credit/debit card, unless it is as per RBI-compliant process.” The bank has recommended that customers use its bill-pay option for utilities or pay on the biller’s website using OTP.

According to Razorpay, which processes close to a third of all recurring payment transactions, a dozen banks have already put in place the new setup where even for repeat payments the bank will alert the customer a day in advance and also provide them with a link to discontinue the mandate. “In the short term, there may be some disruption but, in the long term, this move by the RBI can take growth in recurring payment mandates off the charts,” said Razorpay chief technology officer and co-founder Shashank Kumar.

Kumar says the RBI directive addresses two key issues. Earlier, discontinuing a standing instruction to a merchant could be extremely cumbersome with some asking for a letter to be sent by post asking to discontinue the subscription. Second, debit cards were a grey area and recurring payments were done largely in credit cards. Incidentally, even after October 1, international mandates will continue as neither banks nor the RBI has jurisdiction over international billers.

“There are 900 million debit cards in India and their inclusion could increase the market multifold,” said Kumar. According to Kumar, by empowering customers to stop the payments at any time, the RBI has increased the confidence level. This could also make online education or entertainment more affordable as the availability of this facility will encourage providers to have a monthly debit model rather than recover annual fees.

Besides requiring banks to alert customers, the RBI has capped automatic debits at Rs 5,000 per month. This would mean that billers, like insurance companies, with large instalments, would need to increase the frequency to enable auto-debit. In the case of utilities, many online payers use their bank’s bill payment platform for standing instructions and will have no impact.



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Recurring card payments to be hit from next month, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Some cardholders might see standing instructions for payment on their credit card fail from next month. These could be for subscriptions with online content platforms, edtech companies or standing instructions for online advertisement payments. Some of these merchants are yet to comply with RBI’s new requirement of additional factor authentication (OTP) for recurring payments through cards though the deadline is less than a week away.

According to sources, around 75% of the banks have put in place the technology to meet RBI’s directive. However, there are some banks and merchants who are still in wait-and-watch mode. Banks are writing to customers, warning that some transactions may fail: “Effective October 1, 2021, the bank will not approve any standing instruction (e-mandate on cards for recurring transactions) given at merchant website/app on HDFC Bank credit/debit card, unless it is as per RBI-compliant process.” The bank has recommended that customers use its bill-pay option for utilities or pay on the biller’s website using OTP.

According to Razorpay, which processes close to a third of all recurring payment transactions, a dozen banks have already put in place the new setup where even for repeat payments the bank will alert the customer a day in advance and also provide them with a link to discontinue the mandate. “In the short term, there may be some disruption but, in the long term, this move by the RBI can take growth in recurring payment mandates off the charts,” said Razorpay chief technology officer and co-founder Shashank Kumar.

Kumar says the RBI directive addresses two key issues. Earlier, discontinuing a standing instruction to a merchant could be extremely cumbersome with some asking for a letter to be sent by post asking to discontinue the subscription. Second, debit cards were a grey area and recurring payments were done largely in credit cards. Incidentally, even after October 1, international mandates will continue as neither banks nor the RBI has jurisdiction over international billers.

“There are 900 million debit cards in India and their inclusion could increase the market multifold,” said Kumar. According to Kumar, by empowering customers to stop the payments at any time, the RBI has increased the confidence level. This could also make online education or entertainment more affordable as the availability of this facility will encourage providers to have a monthly debit model rather than recover annual fees.

Besides requiring banks to alert customers, the RBI has capped automatic debits at Rs 5,000 per month. This would mean that billers, like insurance companies, with large instalments, would need to increase the frequency to enable auto-debit. In the case of utilities, many online payers use their bank’s bill payment platform for standing instructions and will have no impact.



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HDFC Bank aims to tap more rural MSMEs; plans to expand reach to 2 lakh villages in 2 years

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Towards its goal of rural expansion, HDFC bank is looking to hire 2,500 people in the next six months. (Image: Reuters)

Credit and Finance for MSMEs: India’s most valuable private lender HDFC Bank on Sunday said it is aiming to double its rural reach in the coming two years while it looks to “extend its leadership in MSME banking.” The bank is targeting expansion of its services to 2 lakh villages in the coming 18-24 months from the current 1 lakh villages. It is planning the expansion through a combination of branch network, business correspondents, business facilitators, CSC partners, virtual relationship management, and digital outreach platforms, it said in a statement. This will increase the bank’s rural outreach to around one-third of India’s villages.

Towards its goal of rural expansion, HDFC bank is looking to hire 2,500 people in the next six months. “India’s rural and semi-urban markets are under-served in credit extension. They present sustainable long-term growth opportunities for the Indian banking system. HDFC Bank remains committed to extend credit, responsibly, in service of the nation. Going forward we dream of making ourselves accessible in every pin code,” said Rahul Shukla, Group Head – Commercial and Rural Banking, HDFC Bank.

HDFC Bank, which claimed to be the second-largest lender to the MSME segment in India, offers its services to MSMEs in over 550 districts in the country. It already offers customised offerings such as pre-and post-harvest crop loans, two-wheeler and auto loans, loans against gold jewellery, and other curated loan products in unbanked and under-banked geographies. The bank saw its MSME loan book grow by 30 per cent from December 2019 to 2020 and stand at pre-Covid levels, according to a statement in March this year. It is also among the top banks in terms of extension of credit under the ECLGS scheme which stood at around Rs. 23,000 crore as of December 31, 2020.

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Earlier this month, HDFC Bank had signed an MoU with National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) to offer credit support to MSMEs. The bank will accept loan applications forwarded by NSIC and consider sanctioning loans on a merit basis and as per the bank’s lending norms. It will also look at financing projects relating to MSME Sector at different places where bank branches are located or other important industrial centers in the country. Likewise, in partnership with the government’s Common Service Centre Special Purpose Vehicle (CSC SPV) in July, HDFC Bank had launched an overdraft facility of Rs 50,000- Rs 10 lakh for small retailers operating for a minimum of three years by providing six months bank statement from any bank.

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China’s decision to declare crypto illegal sparks panic sales in India, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Mumbai: Several Indian investors rushed to square off their positions in smaller cryptocurrencies while others took refuge in safer names like Bitcoin and Ethereum as the asset class tumbled on Friday and Saturday after the Chinese central bank declared all cryptocurrencies illegal.

Transaction volumes surged nearly 50% at top Indian exchanges in the past two days, industry trackers told ET. In most cases, exchanges dealing in such assets saw a rush to sell smaller crypto currencies. Industry trackers said veteran investors were relatively calm, but those new to the cryptocurrency market reacted to the news flow from Beijing.

“The largest sell-offs we’ve seen are in the biggest gainers as investors are likely to cash out their investments in assets like Cardano, Solana, Matic and the like,” said Shivam Thakral, chief executive, BuyUcoin, a cryptocurrency exchange. Industry trackers said that while even Bitcoin witnessed a sell-off, only a small percentage of investors lightened positions.

In some cases, some investors switched to Bitcoin and Ethereum from smaller crypto assets.

Until the beginning of this year, most Indians were putting a large chunk of their money in Bitcoin. That changed lately as many new age investors entered the cryptocurrency market.

Exchanges dealing in such assets expect the China impact to be temporary, although the next few days may see more panic selling before the dust settles.

George Zarya, chief executive at digital asset brokerage and exchange Bequant, said, “China has been known to go to extremes with either very assertive statements and prosecutions or complete radio silence.”

‘China Will Not Support’
“This time, the point was made very clear, that China will not support cryptocurrency market development as it goes against its policies of tightening up control over capital flow and big tech,” said Zarya of Bequant.

“For the institutional crypto industry, it won’t change much as those who could leave have already left and those who couldn’t have either closed or gone under the radar. The retail market, most likely, has gone under the radar and will continue to support market volumes,” he added.

China is the biggest player in bitcoin mining but the majority of the Chinese Bitcoin mining firms and individuals had moved their operations out of China into crypto-friendly countries.

China recently announced it will soon launch its own digital currency. Experts are hoping Beijing will not take more extreme steps. “The Chinese central bank has been lobbying against crypto for a very long time. This recent move wasn’t a surprise to many people as everyone saw it coming,” said Thakral of BuyUcoin. “But we hope China will reconsider its decision and create a healthier environment for crypto enthusiasts moving forward.”



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5 Best Performing Lumpsum Equity Large Cap Mutual Funds With Top Ratings To Consider In 2021

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Canara Robeco Bluechip Equity Fund

Canara Robeco Bluechip Equity Fund Direct-Growth manages assets worth Rs 4,272 crores (AUM). The returns over the last year have been 64.72 percent.

It has had an average yearly return of 16.75 percent since its inception. The majority of the money in the fund is invested in the financial, technology, energy, construction, and healthcare industries.

The Canara Robeco Large cap+ fund is named after the investment strategy, which is primarily focused on building a portfolio that invests in any of the top 150 stocks ranked by market capitalization. Canara Robeco Bluechip Equity Fund’s NAV for September 24, 2021, is 46.83. The expense ratio is 0.34%. The fund has a 5-star rating from CRISIL and Value Research.

Over a three-year period, a lump sum investment of Rs. 1 lakh would have increased to Rs. 1.84 lakhs.

Axis Bluechip Fund

Axis Bluechip Fund

Axis Bluechip Fund Direct Plan-Growth manages a total of 32,213 crores in assets (AUM). The fund’s expense ratio is 0.46 percent, which is comparable to the expense ratios charged by most other Large Cap funds. The fund’s 1-year returns were 64.21 percent. It has returned an average of 18.25 percent every year since its inception.

The scheme intends to achieve long-term capital growth by investing in a diversified portfolio that consists primarily of large-cap stocks and equity-related products. Axis Bluechip Fund’s NAV on September 24, 2021, is 53.09. A lump sum investment of Rs. 1 lakh would have grown to Rs. 1.85 lakhs after three years, a profit of Rs 85,000.

IDBI India Top 100 Equity

IDBI India Top 100 Equity

The 1-year returns for the IDBI India Top 100 Equity Fund Direct-Growth are 71.31 percent. Since its inception, it has averaged 15.79 percent annual returns. The fund is invested in Indian stocks to the tune of 97.57 percent, with 71.06 percent in large-cap stocks, 8.98 percent in mid-cap stocks, and 3.8 percent in small-cap stocks.

The fund has a 0.02 percent debt investment, with 0.02 percent of it in funds that are invested in very low-risk securities.

For September 24, 2021, the NAV of IDBI India Top 100 Equity is 44.13. The direct plan of IDBI India Top 100 Equity has an expense ratio of 1.34 percent. The fund invests the majority of its money in the financial, technology, energy, construction, and services sectors.

A lump sum investment of Rs. 1 lakh would have grown to Rs. 1.85 lakhs after three years, a profit of Rs 84,567. The fund has 5star rating from CRISIL rating agency.

BNP Paribas Large Cap Fund

BNP Paribas Large Cap Fund

The BNP Paribas Large Cap Fund Direct-Growth manages assets of 1,212 crores (AUM). The fund’s expense ratio is 1%, which is greater than the expense ratios charged by most other Large Cap funds.

The 1-year returns on BNP Paribas Large Cap Fund Direct-Growth are 61.27 percent. It has had an average yearly return of 16.94% since its inception. The majority of the money in the fund is invested in the financial, technology, energy, services, and FMCG industries.

The NAV of BNP Paribas Large Cap Fund for Sep 24, 2021 is 156.77. After three years, a lump sum investment of Rs 1 lakh would have increased to Rs 1.78 lakhs, resulting in a profit of Rs 78,452. The fund has 5 star rating from Value Research.

Kotak Bluechip Fund Growth

Kotak Bluechip Fund Growth

The assets under management of Kotak Bluechip Fund Direct-Growth have valued 3,233 crores (AUM). The fund’s expense ratio is 0.87 percent, which is higher than the expense ratios charged by most other Large Cap funds.

The 1-year returns for Kotak Bluechip Fund Direct-Growth are 67.39 percent. It has had an average yearly return of 16.44 percent since its inception. The majority of the money in the fund is invested in the financial, technology, energy, fast-moving consumer goods, and construction industries. Kotak Bluechip Fund’s NAV for September 24, 2021, is 421.93.

A lump sum investment of Rs 1 lakh would have grown to Rs 1.77 lakhs after three years, yielding a profit of Rs 77,375. Value Research has given the fund a four-star rating.

Conclusion

Conclusion

When investing for a short period of time, you should use extreme caution especially when markets are at an all-time high. Investing in high-risk options is not a good idea because you will not have enough time to recover if you lose money. As previously said, when investing for a limited period of time, your primary goal should be to conserve your capital while also earning some returns.

Disclaimer

Disclaimer

The opinions and investment ideas offered by Greynium Information Technologies’ authors or employees should not be construed as investment advice to buy or sell stocks, gold, currency, or other commodities. Investors should not make trading or investment decisions solely primarily on information given on GoodReturns.in. We are not a qualified financial counsellor, and the material provided here is not intended to be investment advice. It is informational in nature. All readers and investors should note that neither Greynium nor the author of the articles, would be responsible for any decision taken based on these articles.



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Rupee Coop Bank depositors oppose DICGIC decision to pay Rs 5 lakh to account holders of stressed coop banks

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Rupee Cooperative Bank, headquartered in Pune, has been under strict banking restrictions because of mounting debt.

A group of people claiming to represent the interests of account holders and depositors of Rupee Cooperative Bank has opposed the decision taken by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) to pay depositors of 21 stressed cooperative banks a sum of Rs 5 lakh within 90 days.

The DICGC has said that, following the amendment of the DICGC Act, it will make payments to depositors within 90 days. Besides PMC, the large banks include Rupee Cooperative Bank, Kapol Cooperative Bank, Maratha Coop Bank, and City Coop Ban, all from Maharashtra. Depositors in these banks have been waiting for years for their money. RBI had placed the banks under its all-inclusive directions, which included restrictions on withdrawal of deposits.

Dhananjay Khanzode, one of the depositors of the Rupee Cooperative Bank, said that depositors should be given their entire amounts and not just Rs 5 lakh since they have been waiting for years for their money. He asked depositors to wait for a month since the decision of the Bombay High Court is still awaited. The Rupee Cooperative Bank depositors had filed a civil writ petition with the Bombay High Court, seeking release of their deposits and action against the current administrators of the bank.

Khandzode said that he would approach depositors of the other stressed banks as well to jointly tackle this issue.

DICGIC has said that banks will have to submit a claim list by October 15 and update the position as of November 29 with principal and interest in a final updated list.

Rupee Cooperative Bank, headquartered in Pune, has been under strict banking restrictions because of mounting debt.

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How a youngster can build a balanced portfolio for life needs

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Arun is 27 years old. He started working about four years back.

His parents do well financially and are not dependent on him. Both are in government sector and have pensionable jobs.

He wants to contribute ₹5 lakh towards his sister’s wedding that is scheduled after six months. Additionally, he wants to set aside ₹5 lakh for own wedding that he expects to happen in the next 3-5 years. Any excess can go towards retirement.

Arun has bought life cover for ₹1 crore and a private health insurance plan of ₹10 lakh. His parents and sister are covered under separate plans.

His only savings are ₹8 lakh in EPF and ₹15 lakhs in bank fixed deposits. Of this, he has set aside ₹10 lakh towards emergency corpus. This can cover 12-15 months of his expenses.

Further, every month, ₹20,000 goes towards EPF. He can invest another ₹80,000 per month.

He knows he can invest aggressively given his age and income profile, but he is not clear about whether he will be comfortable with portfolio ups and downs.

Recommendations

Arun has got his insurance covered. He must, however, revisit the insurance portfolio once he gets married or assumes a financial liability such as loan. The emergency fund of ₹10 lakhs is robust too.

For his sister’s wedding, he can set aside ₹5 lakh from his fixed deposits. The wedding is too soon to take any investment risk.

For his wedding, he has just given a ballpark. Additionally, the timing is also not very certain. Assuming we have four years to save for his wedding, he will need to invest about ₹11,500 per month to accumulate his wedding fund. He can put this money in a bank recurring deposit or a debt mutual fund.

The rest of the amount (around ₹68,000) can go towards his long-term goals, including retirement. He is already contributing to EPF. Given his age, he must consider allocating money to growth assets such as equities.

At this life stage, it is important not to get bogged down with retirement planning calculations. Many life milestones are yet to come, and the best earning years are ahead of him. His time and energy are better spent on enhancing career and income prospects. From an investment perspective, he just needs to continue investing regularly.

He is new to risky investments and is unsure about his risk appetite. There are a few things that you can learn only through experience. Risk appetite is one such thing. While his age ensures this risk-taking ability is high,behavioural DNA defines his risk appetite otherwise. He wouldn’t know his true risk appetite unless he experiences market ups and downs first-hand.

Two approaches

There are two approaches he can take.

1. Not take any risk. Stick with EPF, PPF and bank fixed deposits. Given his age, such a conservative portfolio is not warranted. Moreover, he would never discover his risk appetite.

2. Take risk but reduce portfolio volatility. This is a better approach.

He can work with an asset allocation approach. From the incremental investments, he can route 50 per cent of the money towards equity and the remaining towards fixed income. He can start with a small allocation and inch up to 50-60 per cent in the equity investments.

After saving for his marriage expenses he can invest another ₹88,500 for long-term savings, out of which ₹20,000 already goes towards EPF. Assuming he wants to go with 50:50 allocation, ₹44,000 from his monthly savings can be in equity products.

For equity investments, he can

1. Start with a large-cap or a multi-cap fund. A simple large-cap index fund will do. Or

2. Pick a dynamic asset allocation fund or a balanced advantage fund. Or

3. Pick a single asset allocation fund that invests in domestic stocks, international stocks, and gold. Or

4. Pick a large-cap index fund, an international stock fund and a gold ETF/mutual funds. This replicates the third approach but is cumbersome to invest for a new investor.

The first approach is simple since picking up an index fund is an easy decision. For the second and third approach, he will have to pick up an actively managed fund and choosing one can be tricky. However, the second and third approaches are likely to be less volatile and easy to stick with. This is just the initial choice. As he gets more comfortable with equity investments, he can add different types of funds in the portfolio.

In the fixed income portfolio, he is already contributing to EPF. He can also invest in PPF. Beyond these two products, he can consider bank fixed deposits or a good credit quality and low duration debt mutual fund. For his income profile, debt MFs will be more tax efficient than bank FDs. However, debt funds carry higher risk than bank FDs.

The writer is a SEBI-registered investment advisor and founder of www.PersonalFinancePlan.in

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Tax Query: How to calculate capital gains tax set off and carry forward loss

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For FY 2020-21 income tax returns, I have to report under the head capital gain/loss: (a) Sale of domestic debt mutual funds – short term capital gain of ₹14,892, long term capital gain with indexation of ₹1,30,250 (b) Sale of domestic equity mutual funds – long term capital gain of ₹31,044, long term capital loss of ₹99,509 (c) Sale of foreign non-equity mutual funds – short term capital loss of ₹1,21,630 (d) Sale of domestic unlisted equity shares – long term capital loss of ₹31,635. Kindly explain to me the computation of capital gains tax set off and carry forward loss as applicable.

Srishyla Melkote V

I understand that the capital gain / loss as mentioned in your query above, has been calculated after taking into account the appropriate provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (‘Act’). As per the provisions of Section 71 of the Act, losses under head capital gains can be set-off against income under the head capital gains only. Further, as per the provisions of Section 70 of Act, short-term capital loss can be set off against long-term or short-term capital gain. However, long-term capital loss can be set off only against long-term capital gains. Please find below computation of income chargeable under the head capital gains.

Further, as per the provisions of Section 74 of the Act, loss under the head capital gains to the extent not set off in the FY can be carried forward to eight years immediately succeeding the year in which such loss is incurred. Carried forward short-term capital loss can be set off against long-term or short-term capital gain. However, carried forward long-term capital loss can be set off only against long-term capital gains. In the instant case, you have net short-term capital loss which can be carried forward to eight years i.e. upto FY 2028-29 to be set off against short-term or long-term capital gain, for those years. Further, it is pertinent to note that capital loss can be carried forward only if the return of income for the concerned subject year is furnished on or before the due date of filing of original tax return under section 139(1) of the Act. The extended due date, as of now, for filing the income tax return for FY 2020-21 is 30 September 2021 (for cases where no audit is required to be done under provisions of section 44AB of the Act).

I am working in a private company and fall under 20 per cent slab. I own a small quantity of shares in 30 odd companies and received ₹12500 as dividends. What will be the tax implication?

V. Ganesa Moorthy

Finance Act 2020 has shifted the taxability on dividend income from the hands of the company declaring the dividend to the individual investors. The taxability of dividend and tax rate thereon depends upon factors like residential status of the shareholders, nature of activities of shareholder (whether dealing in securities, salaried individual, etc. to determine nature/ head of income). In case of a non-resident shareholder, taxability of dividend income / tax rates are to be seen in light of the provisions of respective Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs), if applicable. Since, you are a salaried employee and are not engaged in dealing with securities, the dividend income would be considered as “Income under the head other sources”. Further, assuming you would qualify as a resident in India, dividend income received shall be subject to tax at the rates applicable you i.e. 20 per cent (plus health and education cess at 4 per cent).

The writer is a practising chartered accountant

Send your queries to taxtalk@thehindu.co.in

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When interest u/s 234 A, B, C can be levied by the taxman

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A coffee time conversation between two colleagues leads to an interesting explainer on tax jargons.

Vina: Thank God, the due date to file our tax returns has been extended up to December 31, 2021. I can now shift my focus on other things, instead of racing to finish this annual obligation.

Tina: True that. But I hope your tax dues for 2020-21 which you have left unpaid, are less than ₹1 lakh?

Vina: That calculation I am yet to do. What’s so special about this ₹1 lakh limit?

Tina: The extension in return filing date does not apply to those who have an unpaid tax liability of more than ₹1 lakh.

Unpaid tax liability here implies one’s tax liability in a year, reduced by advance tax instalments paid, any tax collected or deducted at source, any relief of tax allowed under sections 89, 90, 90 A or 91, or any alternate minimum tax credit allowed to be set off under the IT Act.

Thus, the due date of filing returns for whom the unpaid tax liability exceeds ₹1 lakh, is still July 31, 2021.

Interest at the rate of one per cent per month is levied on your unpaid tax amount, under section 234 A of the Act if tax returns are not filed by the due dates.

Vina: What? So, by not furnishing returns by July 31, 2021, I am liable to pay interest at the rate of one per cent on my tax liability for every month since July 31?

Tina : Yes. But if you have outstanding tax of less than ₹1 lakh, this provision will not be applicable.

Vina: Let me hurry up and check where I stand.

Tina : But wait… Whether your return filing date is July 31 or December 31 this year, you also need to check if interest under sections 234 B and 234 C are applicable.

Vina: Oh, what do these ask for ? More tax, am sure!

Tina : You are partly right. If your tax liability after TDS in any financial year amounts to ₹10,000 or more, then you need to pay advance tax in four instalments during the course of the financial year itself.

Vina: And, if I’ve completely missed this…what happens?

Tina: You will be required to pay interest on any shortfall in advance tax payments under section 234 B and 234C of the Income Tax Act, at the rate of one per cent per month (under each section), for every month of delay.

So, if you file your returns anytime until December 31 due to extension of the deadline (even if your dues are within ₹1 lakh) and decide to pay all the taxes due when filing the return only, the charges under 234 B and C will go up.

While interest is levied under section 234 C for defaults or delays in quarterly payments of advance tax, section 234 B applies when the tax payer has not paid at least 90 per cent of the tax for any financial year as advance tax by April 1 of the following year.

Vina: That’s a lot of insight Tina. Thank you very much for enlightening me. Will go and file my returns ASAP!

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3 things you should know about corporate fixed deposits

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With the interest rates at multi-year low, corporate fixed deposits (FDs) which usually offer higher rates than the banks, have been gaining investor attention. Here, we look at three factors that investors should note before investing in corporate FDs.

Beware of yield claims

Many corporates offering fixed income products try to woo customers by advertising high yields.

For example, take the recent fixed deposit offer by Hawkins Cookers. The company offers eight per cent interest rate for a 36-month deposit and for a cumulative deposit, the interest is being compounded monthly. Here, while the coupon rate is eight per cent, the yield on the investment will be higher.

The annualized yield is generally determined by finding out ‘rate’ in the compound interest formula – Final amount = principal (1+rate/period)^period; period in the form of number of years. By using this, the Hawkins Cookers FD yield comes to 8.3 per cent

Beware, yields announced by some of the corporates are calculated differently, as a result of which they look higher than what they actually are.

Muthoot Capital Services’ 5-year fixed deposit, for instance, offers eight per cent interest for the annual cumulative option.

Since the interest is being cumulated annually,the yield will be the same as the coupon rate.. However, Muthoot has indicated that the yield on this FD is 9.39 per cent. This could be because the firm calculated yield based on the simple interest formula where Interest = Principal * Rate of interest * Period.

Thus, it is imperative to verify if the yield advertised by the corporate is right, before falling for high advertised yields on cumulative deposits.

For this, one can use the ‘Rate’ function in Excel that calculates the yield using compound interest formula.

Check our detailed article on how to use the Rate function here – https://tinyurl.com/Rate-function .

Safety aspect

Looking out for an AAA rating for the corporate deposit is one way in which you can ensure higher safety levels. But a high credit rating does not mean your FD is secured or is backed by a guarantee.

Corporate FDs generally come as unsecured debt products. Since the debt given by you is not backed by any assets of the company, investors will have little recourse in case of any default of any principal or interest by the company.

For example, DHFL fixed deposit holders had to take significant haircut as the company went bust in 2019. The company, taken over by the Piramal group, is paying only part of the total outstanding dues to its creditors including fixed deposit holders.

Dues here will be paid under the waterfall mechanism, under which secured creditors get the top priority followed by employees (salaries) and only after that, unsecured financial creditors like FD holders come in.

Bank FDs score higher in this aspect, as the DICGC (Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation) is required to pay the depositors the insured amount of up to ₹5 lakh (inclusive of principal and interest).

Hence, it is essential that you spread your deposits across banks, corporates and NBFCs and not put all your eggs in one basket.

Stiffer lock-in rules

One must keep in mind that corporate fixed deposits come with slightly more stiff withdrawal conditions than banks

For most corporate fixed deposits, one cannot withdraw the deposit within three months from the date of deposit (unless on the unfortunate event of death of the subscriber).

If withdrawn after three months but before six months, no interest will be payable on the fixed deposits. Even after that, a penalty of about two percent is charged by many.

On the other hand, the pre-mature withdrawal conditions for an FD with SBI includes a penalty of 0.5 per cent (1% for deposits above Rs 5 lakh) and an interest rate 0.50 – 1 per cent below the contracted rate. However, no interest will be paid on deposits which remain for a period of less than 7 days.

For premature withdrawals, HDFC Bank levies a penalty of 1 per cent on the applicable rate. However, penalty for premature withdrawal will not be applicable for FDs booked for a tenor of 7-14 days.

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