Economy set to recover on low interest rates, softening inflation: RBI bulletin

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The Indian economy is poised to regain the ground lost to the pandemic and re-emerge as among the fastest growing countries in the world, supported by the decadal low interest rates, softening inflation and a modest current account surplus, according to a article in the Reserve Bank of India’s latest monthly bulletin.

The Indian economy is clearly differentiating itself from the global situation, which is marred by supply disruptions, stubborn inflation and surges of infections in various parts of the world, per article ‘State of the Economy’, put together by 21 RBI officials.

The authors, however, underscored that the global economic outlook remains shrouded in uncertainty, with headwinds from multiple fronts corralling together at a time when many economies are still struggling and are at nascent stage of their recovery.

They cautioned that growing likelihood of policy normalisation by major central banks to quell fast rising inflation may tighten financial conditions and stutter the ongoing growth impulses.

Vaccination drive

The authors noted that domestically, there have been several positives on the Covid-19 front, in terms of reduced infections and faster vaccinations.

Mobility is rapidly improving; the job market is recouping and overall economic activity is on the cusp of a strengthening revival. Overall monetary and credit conditions stay conducive for a durable economic recovery to take root.

The authors assessed that in India, the recovery gained strength, though the speed and pace of improvement remains uneven across different sectors of the economy.

“Indicators of aggregate demand posit a brighter near-term outlook than before. On the supply side, the Rabi season has set in early on a positive note on the back of a record Kharif harvest and manufacturing is showing improvement in overall operating conditions, while services are in strong expansion mode. “Overall monetary and credit conditions stay conducive for a durable economic recovery to take root,” the article said.

The authors opined that the economy is gradually healing amidst an uncertain and volatile global environment, battered by supply chain and logistics disruptions, inflation shocks and geopolitical tensions.

“Incoming high frequency indicators show that the recovery is taking hold in several spheres, though some others are still lagging behind.

“With the gradual uptick in confidence, mobility indicators have edged up,” the article said.

Job market

The job market is exhibiting signs of ebullience on the back of uptick in business optimism and faster pace of vaccination, it added.

India’s merchandise exports have staged a smart turnaround, with surging double-digit growth for the eighth consecutive month in a row

Collections under the Goods and Services Tax (GST) have marked their second highest level in October since its introduction on the back of better tax administration and ongoing economic recovery.

Referring to the issuance of e-way bills being the highest in their history, the authors felt that this bodes well for GST collections going forward.

After exhibiting moderation in the month of September 2021, power consumption has registered an uptick despite supply side constraints.

“The headline manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) recorded expansion for the fourth consecutive month in October with anticipation of an improvement in demand conditions.

“The services sector is convalescing with the headline PMI rising to a decadal high in the same month,” the authors said.

Festival boost

With attractive offers by developers amidst the festival season, property registrations have also surged.

Overall, the growth momentum in digital transactions over the past few months indicates that the economy is gradually shaking off the shackles of the second wave of the pandemic, the authors said.

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Seen complete pass-through of rate cuts to fresh rupee loans of banks: RBI bulletin

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The median term deposit rate eased by 152 basis points (bps) through March 2020 to August 2021. A bigger dip of 181 bps is discernible across shorter-tenor deposits of maturity of up to one year, the RBI said in its monthly State of the Economy report.

Surplus liquidity, coupled with the forward guidance by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has facilitated monetary transmission and there has been a complete pass-through of policy rate cuts to fresh rupee loans and term deposit rates of banks since March 2020, the central bank said in its bulletin for September, released on Thursday.

The median term deposit rate eased by 152 basis points (bps) through March 2020 to August 2021. A bigger dip of 181 bps is discernible across shorter-tenor deposits of maturity of up to one year, the RBI said in its monthly State of the Economy report. Since March 2020, the one-year median marginal cost of funds-based lending rate (MCLR) of banks has softened cumulatively by 100 bps, the report said.

At the same time, as on September 10, currency in circulation grew at its slowest pace of 9.4% since November 2017, down from 22.4% a year ago. The trend mirrors subdued precautionary demand in contrast to the surge recorded a year ago during the first wave, the RBI observed.

The central bank took note of the sluggish credit growth to the industrial sector since 2014-15, which has also led to a moderation in the overall credit growth. Based on a bank-wise analysis of data, the report said a few banks are contributing significantly to overall non-food credit offtake. It split up banks into two categories — the dominant-group of banks, which includes six leading lenders on the basis of their share in total non-food credit and the other-group of banks, which includes the remaining 27 banks.

Credit to the industrial sector extended by the other-group registered a negative compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.6% between FY15 and FY21, while that by the dominant group registered a CAGR of 3.7% during the period. In the pandemic year, the credit extended by the dominant group to the industrial sector registered an accelerated growth of 5.1%, though that delivered by the other-group contracted by over 7%, the report said.

“Thus, it is evident from the above that a few banks are driving credit growth to the industrial sector, whereas, most of the other banks are lagging behind in extending credit to the industrial sector,” the report said.

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RBI bulletin: ‘Demand shock biggest toll of second Covid wave’

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According to the RBI bulletin, corporate performance, meanwhile, is positioning itself for a turn in the business cycle.

The biggest toll of the current second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic is in terms of a demand shock (loss of mobility, discretionary spending and employment, besides inventory accumulation), although aggregate supply is less impacted, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said in its latest monthly bulletin on Monday.

Nevertheless, the loss of growth momentum is not as severe as at this time a year ago, when the country had witnessed a Covid-induced lockdown, it said. In the absence of several high-frequency data for April-May, this assessment, however, is tentative at this stage, it added.

While industrial production in March surged out of a two-month contraction (it shot up by 22.4%) on the tailwinds of a large favourable base effect, seasonally-adjusted annualised month-on-month momentum was positive for the fourth consecutive month. “Yet anecdotal evidence points to feedback loops from the demand contraction seeping through into curtailments of output in the months ahead unless infections ebb,” according to the bulletin.

The Nomura India Business Resumption Index (NIBRI) dropped to 61.9 for the week ending May 16 from 66.1 in the previous week. The index is now at the levels last witnessed in June 2020, even though it had fully recovered in February 2021. This loss of momentum is caused by a plunge in mobility in the wake of renewed Covid-induced curbs. Google’s workplace and retail & recreation mobility indices dropped by 5 percentage points and 8.4 percentage points, respectively, from the week before, while the Apple driving index declined by 3.4 percentage points.

The central bank had last month projected real GDP growth of 26.2% for the first quarter of FY22 (primarily driven by a favourable base effect, as real GDP had contracted by 24.4% in the same quarter last fiscal due to lockdown). However, this forecast was made on April 7, before the full fury of the Covid resurgence.

According to the RBI bulletin, corporate performance, meanwhile, is positioning itself for a turn in the business cycle. The initial set of earnings results declared by 288 Indian listed companies (making up for around 51% of the market capitalisation of all listed non-financial companies) for the March quarter marks a distinct shift from the previous quarters, with top-line growth gaining prominence in a broad-based manner, the RBI said.

Thanks to the pandemic, the consolidated balance sheet of non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) grew at a slower pace in the second and third quarters of FY21. However, NBFCs were able to continue credit intermediation, albeit at a lower rate. “The RBI and the government undertook various liquidity augmenting measures to tackle COVID-19 disruptions, which facilitated favourable market conditions as indicated by the pick-up in debenture issuances,” it said.

The profitability of the sector improved marginally in the second and third quarters of FY21, as NBFCs’ expenditures witnessed a steeper fall than their income. Their asset quality, too, improved in the September and December quarters from a year earlier, mainly due to regulatory forbearance to mitigate the impact of pandemic.

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