Karnataka Bank will focus on cost-light liability portfolio, says MD

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The Mangaluru-based Karnataka Bank navigated the challenges posed by the Covid pandemic last year, and earned a net profit of ₹451.20 crore in the first nine months of 2020-21 against the profit of ₹431.78 crore for the full year of 2019-20.

In an interview to BusinessLine, Mahabaleshwara MS, MD and CEO of the bank, highlighted the strategies that helped the bank to perform better, and its plans for the current financial year amidst the second Covid wave. Excerpts from interview:

India is witnessing the second wave of Covid. How is your bank planning to tackle this fresh challenge?

The first half of the last fiscal was spent in understanding and fighting the pandemic while the business was muted and there was no clear picture about the Covid pandemic. Our innovative business principle of ‘conserve, consolidate and emerge stronger’ immensely helped us to tide over the said crisis-like situation and be able to come out with satisfactory numbers. But now the situation is different. At least now, we have one year of experience in navigating through the pandemic and that is a huge advantage.

To overcome Covid wave 2.0, as in the previous fiscal, our bank will continue to practice the principle of ‘conserve, consolidate and emerge stronger’ along with the required cost cutting measures this year too. We will continue to be cautious and conservative. We will focus on developing a cost-light liability portfolio by concentrating more on CASA and low-cost retail term deposits besides developing a healthy asset portfolio which is largely protected against the ill effects of pandemic in the long run to tide over the economic challenges associated with the Covid wave 2.0.

Your recent letter to the shareholders mentioned that the bank is aiming at a ‘moderate’ growth of 12 per cent for 2021-22. What are the reasons for this moderate outlook?

Yes. The bank has set a moderate growth target of 12 per cent for business turnover for the current fiscal. Considering the Covid second wave that is sweeping the country with enormous impact on health and business in the short and medium term, we expect growth challenges in key sectors during the first half of the current year. Even though MSME and agriculture sectors are less impacted which are the main components of our retail loan book growth, the entire ecosystem of the economy already took a shock and it may need sufficient time to come out of this, if there are no more waves of Covid going forward.

We also expect the customers to be conservative in investing in new or big projects or expansion of business. Our focus will be to conserve, maintain the asset quality and grow steadily with quality during this fiscal. However, the bank will always be in a ‘ready mode’ to catch up business at any stage of economic rebound, beating our own guidance level. We have superior digital loan journey infrastructure and in a better position to encash such opportunities on the very first sight of economic turnaround.

Do you think the fresh Covid wave will lead to the increase in the NPAs in the coming days? If yes, how are you planning to handle that?

Even though the economic impact of the second wave of Covid pandemic and the related lockdowns ,etc have just started unfolding, no one can take it lightly and it may be too early to foresee the impact. The banking industry in India has fully exhibited its resilience and was able to face the challenges posed by the first wave of Covid, mainly because of the ‘economic vaccines’ in the form of regulatory packages such as moratorium, OTR / MSME restructuring, Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme, charging of simple interest during moratorium, etc announced by the Government / Reserve Bank of India.

By opting for the said ‘economic vaccines’, the borrowers managed their cash flow with extended loan period. However, now the country is better placed with all its populace in the age group of 18 years and above are poised to get vaccines. Further, the borrowers have also remodelled their business and became more agile. However, it is also expected that revival and recovery may take more than the expected time. RBI has also recently announced a ‘booster dose’ with various relief measures both for the bankers as well as individual borrowers, small borrowers and MSMEs. This is expected to give the required impetus to the economy. Hence, the response for Covid 2.0 and going beyond, should be collective, comprehensive, decisive and long lasting besides forward looking.

Going by the current trend (until a major portion of India gets vaccinated), Covid waves are likely to recur at regular intervals. How is your bank planning to handle this?

The good news is that the Government has allowed vaccination for individuals aged 18 years and above. With vaccination initiatives and also with more awareness being created among the public about the this, it is hoped that maximum people would get vaccinated in about two-three months considering the current progress. It is expected that once the herd immunity is developed, the surge of Covid would also come down significantly. Like previous fiscal, our bank would continue to be cautious in lending and would ensure adding remunerative and quality assets besides focusing on a cost-light liability portfolio. Necessary steps will be taken at our disposal to protect the interest of all our stakeholders. With the strong fundamentals and improved capital adequacy ratio, we are confident of sailing smooth this year also in spite of unforeseen challenges.

Like earlier economic shocks such as the global recession, global financial crisis of 2007-08, this time too Indian banking sector, I am sure, will withstand the challenges and come out with flying colours. We will stand rock solid with the Government, RBI and the customers.

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Karnataka Bank aims to grow at 12 pc in FY22, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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New Delhi, Apr 24 () Karnataka Bank on Saturday said it is targeting to grow its business at 12 per cent to over Rs 1.42 lakh crore in the current fiscal year and will gradually increase the share of retail loan in its portfolio. In a communication to shareholders, the bank said it strives to see 2021-22 as a year of excellence on the back of its healthy business growth, ‘Cost-Lite’ liability portfolio and strengthened fundamentals.

“For the new Financial Year, the Bank is planning to grow its business at a moderate 12 per cent to take the total business turnover (i.e. total of Deposits and Advances) to around Rs 1,42,500 crore,” it said.

As a realignment strategy in its advances portfolio, the private sector lender said it has been eyeing credit exposure of minimum 50 per cent to retail, 35 per cent to mid corporates and not more than 15 per cent to large corporates.

The intent is to minimise the concentration on large corporate borrowers and to ensure continued sustainability, it said.

“The bank has been moving towards the said direction in a sustainable manner. Besides, the yield on the retail and mid corporate advances has been better than the large corporates and also, the risk is widespread across the portfolio than that of concentration in the case of large corporate exposure,” Mahabaleshwara M S, Managing Director & CEO, Karnataka Bank said.

He said COVID-19 came as a challenge in 2020-21 along with the “M-cap related misleading campaign against the private sector banks, including our bank by a section of media”.

Regarding the Supreme Court‘s order on not levying any interest on loans during March-August period of 2020, the lender said it already made ex-gratia payment of difference between compound interest and simple interest for these six months to the eligible borrowers in accordance with RBI directive.

In case of remaining accounts, the penal or compound interest charged on the borrower accounts may have to be refunded and adjusted towards next installment due within a reasonable time from the date of Supreme Court order dated March 23, 2021.

“Further, with the vacation of stay order, NPA marking has also resumed,” it said.

Mahabaleshwara said in spite of turbulent banking environment and unforeseen hurdles, the bank has been able to sail through 2020-21.

On the way forward, he said the bank is striving hard to see Karnataka Bank among the top three in the peer group by focussing on a healthy, consistent, sustainable and remunerative business and by continuing the efforts in recovery process. KPM ANU ANU



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Yield to maturity – The Hindu BusinessLine

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A coffee time chat between two colleagues leads to an interesting explainer on bond market jargons.

Vina: Do you think I should try my luck with the bond markets?

Tina: While stock and bond market prices are unpredictable, don’t leave your investment decisions entirely to a game of luck.

Vina: Agreed! Today while bank deposit rates are at all-time lows, I came across a bond that promises a yield to maturity of around 8.8 per cent. Interest of ₹88 on a bond with a face value of ₹1000, sounds like a great deal. Doesn’t it?

Tina: No, that’s not how it works, Vina. You are mistaking the yield to maturity for the coupon rate. The two are not the same.

Vina: Jargons again! What is the interest I will earn?

Tina: The coupon rate when multiplied by the face value of a bond, gives you the the interest income that you will earn. Yield to maturity is a totally different concept.

Vina: Enlighten me with your wisdom, will you?

Tina: When you buy a bond in the secondary market, its yield will matter more to you than the coupon rate or the interest rate that it offers on face value. Because the yield on a bond is calculated with respect to current market price – which is now the purchase price for you.

The current yield is the return you get (interest income) by purchasing a bond at its current market price. Say, a bond trades at ₹900 (face value of ₹1,000) and pays a coupon of 7 per cent per annum. Your current yield then is 7.8 per cent.

Vina: What is the YTM then?

Tina: The yield to maturity (YTM) captures the effective return that you are likely to earn on a bond if you hold it until maturity. That is, the return you get over the life of the bond after accounting for —interest payments and the maturity price of the bond versus its purchase price.

The YTM for a bond purchased at face value and held till maturity will hence be the same as its coupon rate.

Vina: Hold until maturity? The bond I was referring to has 8 years left until maturity. Too long a tenure, right?

Tina: Yes! The bond whose YTM is 8.8 per cent and has a residual maturity of eight years must be paying you a coupon of 7 per cent annually. That isn’t too high when compared to what other corporates have to offer.

Vina: So, should I now look for bonds that offer even higher YTMs?

Tina: Don’t fall prey to high yields, Vina. A high deviation from the market rate often signifies a higher level of risk. Higher YTMs are a result of a sharp drop in the current bond market price, which is most likely factoring in perceived risk of default or rating downgrades.

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Gold loans: A place to be in, for banks

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Gold loans stood out in banks’ loan portfolio in the first nine months of the current financial year, both in terms of growth and asset quality.

Banks aggressively expanded their loan against pledge of gold ornaments and jewellery (jewel loans) portfolio in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Gold loans shine as small businesses, borrowers look for ready cash

During the first nine months of FY2021, banks preferred to lend either against highly liquid collateral such as gold or Government guarantee as they feared the economic downturn would affect customers’ ability to repay loans.

State Bank of India’s (SBI) personal gold loan book jumped four times in six months (up to December-end 2020) to stand at ₹17,492 crore.

Mobile app for gold loan launched in Kochi

Gross non-performing assets (GNPAs) of India’s largest bank was only at 0.04 per cent of its gold loan portfolio, per the bank’s analyst presentation. The bank, however, did not disclose the size of its agriculture gold loan in the presentation.

Bank of Baroda’s (BoB) agriculture gold loan portfolio was up 29 per cent year-on-year (yoy) to ₹21,116 crore as at December-end 2020 (₹16,325 crore as at December-end 2019).

“When we look at the agriculture side, nearly 40 per cent of the growth that we see in agriculture has come from gold loans. Gold loans are 20-21 per cent of our total agriculture book.

“…And we do hope that going ahead, 40-50 per cent of agricultural growth will come from gold loans,” Sanjiv Chadha, MD & CEO, BoB, told analysts last month.

Risk-averse market

The gold loan portfolio of Thrissur (Kerala) headquartered CSB Bank jumped about 60 per cent yoy to ₹5,644 crore as at December-end 2020 (₹3,523 crore).

Gold loans accounted for 40 per cent of the private sector bank’s total advances against 30 per cent in the year-ago quarter.

“We will not slow down the gold loan growth. We will increase the growth of the other products so that as a proportion (of total advances), gold loan will go down. I think, this (gold loan portfolio) is only about ₹6,000 crore. There is a big public sector bank, which has ₹70,000 crore of gold loans, so gold loan is a place to be in today,” C VR Rajendran, MD & CEO, CSB Bank, told analysts last month.

Federal Bank’s gold loan portfolio registered a y-o-y growth of 67 per cent and crossed ₹14,000 crore in the third quarter of FY2021, per its third quarter analyst presentation.

The proportion of gold loans in total advances in the case of Karur Vysya Bank (KVB) increased to 23 per cent as at December-end 2020 as against 17 per cent as at December-end 2019.

As at December-end 2020, KVB’s gold loan portfolio stood at ₹12,069 crore (₹8,580 crore)

Karthik Srinivasan, Group Head — Financial Sector Ratings, ICRA, observed that gold prices have been going up and this has been providing comfort to both lenders and borrowers.

“The market is still risk-averse. And banks, especially public sector banks, have been offering gold loans at relatively finer rates. So, that is an option that many people are availing,” he said.

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ICRA: Negative rating actions in Mar-Dec ’20 exceeded historical 5-year average

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Rating agency ICRA on Wednesday said negative rating actions undertaken by it in the March to December 2020 period exceeded the historical five-year average.

About 13 per cent of the portfolio experienced a rating downgrade compared to the previous five-year average of 9 per cent, it said. Further, as many as 15 sectors, including aviation, hospitality, residential real estate, retail, and commercial vehicles, have a negative outlook in the near to medium term.

“The credit quality of India Inc has experienced rapid changes since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic and the imposition of the nationwide lockdown in March 2020. Business health has been bruised in general and some entities in select sectors have been badly hurt, even though the effects have not been apocalyptic, and the worst-case scenarios have not played out,” ICRA said in a statement.

Also read: PSBs may require up to ₹43,000 cr in FY22: ICRA

According to K Ravichandran, Deputy Chief Rating Officer, ICRA, another 9 per cent of the rated entities witnessed a change in outlook — from Stable to Negative or from Positive to Stable.

“Without the various fiscal and monetary interventions which provided a liquidity relief to the borrowers, the negative rating actions could have been higher,” he said, adding that textiles, real estate and construction were the top three sectors in terms of the count of downgrades.

Besides, aviation and hospitality sectors too witnessed a number of negative rating actions.

In terms of upgrades, only 3 per cent of the rated entities were upgraded in the past 10-month period, compared to the previous five-year average of 9 per cent.

The outlook on sectors including ferrous and non-ferrous metals and textiles has been revised from Negative to Stable following the uptrend in prices and expectations of healthy revenue and profit over the medium term, it said, adding that the outlook on cement, passenger vehicles and auto ancillaries has been revised from Negative to Stable.

“ICRA expects the credit quality pressures to remain elevated in general over the near to medium term; however, the intensity is likely to remain quite varied across sectors,” said Ravichandran.

Also read: ICRA Ratings expects pressure on logistics sector in near term

The instances of defaults have been much lower in the past 10 months due to the benefit of the loan moratorium, the agency said, adding that there were only 30 defaults across the rating spectrum compared with 81 in the corresponding previous period.

It also noted that compared to its earlier expectations of about 6-8 per cent of the borrowers at the system-level to get their loans restructured, only a handful of entities in ICRA’s portfolio had applied for loan restructuring.

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BusinessLine Portfolio 2021: What’s coming up

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Another year is coming to a close for ‘Portfolio’, and we look back at our work with both a sense of accomplishment as well as humility. Needless to say, 2020 has been an unprecedented year in many ways. We put our best foot forward in guiding investors through these challenging times.

Lest covid ruin finances

The pandemic brought to light lacunae in planning our finances for a rainy day – be it having contingency funds to tide over pay cuts and job losses, ensuring adequate insurance cover, borrowing judiciously or investing so as to optimise returns, without taking on too much risk. A lot also happened in terms of EMI moratorium announcements, introduction of Covid-specific insurance covers, allowing withdrawals from EPF or in terms of the impact of various sops for industry, on listed stocks.

Issues such failure of private banks (YES Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank) and co-operative banks as also closing down of six debt schemes of Franklin Templeton Mutual Fund came as a shocker for investors.

At ‘Portfolio’, we ensured that we wrote on all these developments as they unfurled and continued to take twists and turns, striving to give readers a sense of direction at each blind spot.

Stocks and mutual funds

Stocks ideas have been the cornerstone of ‘Portfolio’ since the ‘Investment World’ days. Among our stock picks since July 2019, our buy calls in the defensive IT and pharma space, that investors flocked to, amid the uncertainty created by the pandemic have worked well. ‘Buy’ calls on Granules India (up 112 per cent), Dr Reddy’s Labs (up 82 per cent) , Alkem Labs up (65 per cent), Infosys (up 57 per cent) and HCL Technologies (up 67 per cent) are instances. The returns of these stocks have outperformed the Nifty 50 as well as Nifty 500 indices for the same time period since the ‘Buy’ call. Other market outperformers include Amber Enterprises (up 153 per cent) and India Energy Exchange (up 75 per cent).

IPO calls such as the one to invest in Route Mobile and CAMS or to avoid Spandhana Sphoorthy, CSB Bank and Chemcon Speciality Chemicals, have also worked well so far.

Where we could have done better is by probably sticking our neck out more (never easy!) in the early days of the market rally.

In hindsight, more calls on fundamentally sound stocks that had corrected sharply during the market fall in February – March 2020 might probably have helped identify some good bets. In future, we will also strive to give more ‘Sell’ or ‘Book Profit’ calls, wherever warranted. A call to sell Punjab National Bank in June 2020 has worked well, with the stock losing 15 per cent since.

In mutual funds, catering to the rising interest in international funds as well as passive investing, we covered these segments more discerningly in our fund calls section, in the ‘Your Money’ and ‘Big story’ pages as well as through the ‘Your Fund Portfolio’ (now ‘Fund Query’) column.

Given the many novel themes in NFOs this year, we also extensively gave our take on the strategies of new funds and suitability for investment.

Fixed income and gold

Our forecast for gold in the January 6, 2020, wherein we expected the yellow metal to touch ₹50,000 per 10 gm over the long-term, came true much earlier, thanks to gold’s safe haven status in the Covid-induced global slowdown. In 2020, we have actively covered gold, writing every week for traders in the derivatives segment, analysing sovereign gold bond issues in both the primary and secondary markets as well as recommending gold ETFs for investors. We wrote on digital gold and jewellers’ schemes too, presenting their pros and cons.

Even as interest rates were on a downward slope, we consciously identified investment ideas offering reasonably good fixed returns, for risk averse investors. We recommended investing in the RBI Floating rate savings bonds when it was launched in July this year. The product stands out even today in terms of offering attractive interest rates with maximum safety.

In March 2020, we urged readers to make haste and lock into higher rates offered by small post office savings schemes. As expected, rates were slashed in April. Our calls earlier this year to invest in the 1-2 year deposits of Sundaram Finance and Equitas Small Finance Bank, for instance, worked out well, with both entities slashing rates since our call. Their financials also remain relatively less impacted due to the pandemic, ensuring stability to investors.

New beginnings

This year, we furthered our multimedia presence by adding videos and podcasts to many of our stories. We also launched our exclusive ‘Portfolio Podcasts’ recently, wherein, as a first in the series, analysts in the Research Bureau busted tax jargons. Aired twice a week, 15 episodes of ‘Tax Jargon Busters’ over seven to eight weeks received an encouraging response.

On December 6, 2020, we relaunched ‘Portfolio’, overhauling the content, design and colour scheme. Most importantly, we shifted the edition to Sundays to give readers enough time to absorb the ideas and strategies laid out in our pages. Reader engagement through query corners on various aspects of finance, sections for first time investors, columns on ‘Do-it-yourself’ investing, a dedicated page on derivatives, and various useful market data tables are some of the key features of the relaunched edition.

Among the plans for the New Year is regular coverage of international markets/investing and wider offering in the ‘Fund Insight’ page to include NPS products. We also plan to take ‘Portfolio Podcasts’ ahead in 2021.

Keep reading and writing to us, on what you think of Portfolio and how we can help you manage your finances better. Happy New Year!

 

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What’s better – Investing in equity mutual funds or investing directly in stocks?

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Amit has been investing in mutual funds for the last seven years. He is not happy with the returns, as they have been much below his expectations. He invested in a few small-cap stocks in March 2020. Some of those stocks have given more than 100 per cent returns in the last three-four months.

However, Amit did not really invest big amounts in those stocks. Hence, those investments have not made a meaningful difference to his portfolio.

Now, he wants to revisit his entire equity strategy. There is a sense of disillusionment with mutual funds and he is unsure if the mutual funds are worth investing in.

He wonders whether investing directly in stocks is a better approach than investing in mutual funds.

Flavour of the season approach

Amit has not focussed on allocation within various equity categories and has gone with the flavour of the season approach. He invested a lot of money in small-cap funds in 2017 when small-cap stocks were doing well. But the small-cap stocks have been under pressure since the beginning of 2018. While the broader equity markets have done not too well over the last couple of years, Amit’s portfolio has struggled even more due to higher allocation to small-cap funds.

Whether he invests directly in stocks or through mutual funds, the underlying exposure is to a volatile asset. Both the approaches have merits and demerits. If he gets his direct equity picks right, he can earn above-normal returns. However, if his bets go wrong, there can be serious wealth destruction. Mutual fund schemes have diversified equity portfolios and help hedge bets. While this reduces return potential, this also reduces risk.

Amit’s stock picks did very well over the past few months, and he deserves credit for his choices. However, he must not mistake luck for skill. Stock research requires time and skill. Four or five months of investing or getting two or three stock calls right does not establish skill. If he is very keen on investing a significant portion of equity portfolio in direct stocks, he must test his stock-picking skill and market judgement for a few years. Only then, should he allocate greater capital to direct stocks.

By the way, over the past four-five months, even some small-cap funds have returned more than 50 per cent. A rising tide lifts all the boats. Amit must remember that something similar happened in 2017 and he has experienced the subsequent pain. While no one can say with certainty whether the performance of the past few months will sustain or there will be a reversal, he must remain cautious.

At the same time, this does not imply that direct equity investing must be shunned completely. There is a middle ground. If Amit wants to take exposure to direct stocks, he must first set up a threshold for the direct equity exposure. For instance, he can limit direct equity exposure to say 20 per cent of the equity portfolio. Therefore, if his equity portfolio is ₹10 lakh, not more than ₹2 lakh should be in direct equity. This way, he can strike a balance between the two modes of equity investments.

Amit can set aside money for stocks that he has researched well and thinks offer potential for good returns. Mutual fund investments, if selected well, will diversify equity exposure. Therefore, this internal limit helps him retain upside potential of his stock picks. In addition, this helps him maintain discipline and not get carried away and take unnecessary risks.

If he is satisfied with the results of direct equity investments, he can increase the threshold after a few years.

Within the mutual fund portfolio, Amit can split investments across two-three funds. He can invest in a large-cap and a mid-cap fund. Or he can pick up a multi-cap fund. Remember four small-cap funds do not build a diversified equity portfolio. If he does not trust active fund management, he can simply invest in index funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). There are now passive options across the market spectrum.

The word “diversify” has been used loosely when referring to equity mutual funds. Note that true diversification does not happen when you add different types of equity products to the portfolio. You diversify the portfolio by adding assets with low correlation. For instance, adding a fixed income product to an equity portfolio diversifies the portfolio.

Asset allocation is of vital importance. Sub-allocation within the equity portfolio is secondary.

(The writer is a SEBI-registered investment advisor at personalfinanceplan.in)

True diversification

Having assets with low correlation helps in true portfolio diversification

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