Explainer: Neo-banks Vs traditional banking

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What are Neo-banks?

Neo-banks are online-only financial technology (fintech) companies that operate solely digitally or via mobile apps. Simply put, neo-banks are digital banks without any physical branches.

How are they different from the traditional banks?

Neo-banks are disrupting the traditional banking system by leveraging technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to offer a range of personalised services to customers. On the other hand, traditional banks follow an omni-channel approach i.e. having both physical (through branches and ATMs) and digital banking presence to offer a multitude of products and services.

Right from customer acquisition to traditional banking services such as remittances, money transfers, utility payments and personal finance, neo-banks offer a wide range of offerings to customers across retail and small-to-medium enterprise (SME) categories. Typically, neo-banks apply a design thinking approach to a particular banking area and tailor their products and services in a manner that makes banking simpler and convenient to the end consumers.

How are they evolving?

The term ‘Neo-bank’ started gaining prominence globally in 2017 as they emerged as a new challenger to the traditional banks in terms of customer engagement, connectivity and reach, and most importantly, the user experience. That is why neobanks are also called ‘challenger banks’. The market potential for neo-banks is driven by the rising penetration of the internet and smartphones across the globe.

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According to a report by KBV Research, the global neo-banking market size is expected to reach $333.4 billion by 2026, rising at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 47.1 per cent. Although neo-banks are relatively new concept in India, the concept has been gaining traction over the last few years. There are around a dozen neo-banks in India including Razorpay X, EpiFi, Open, NiYo, Jupiter among others. In recent times, some of these firms raised funding from marquee global investors, who are betting on India’s hugely underbanked market potential.

Can they replace traditional banks?

Not entirely. Neo-banks offer only a small range of products and services as compared to a whole gamut of services that traditional banks offer. Besides, since neo-banks are highly digital focused, they may not be able to cater to the banking needs of non-tech savvy consumers or people from the rural parts of the country, who believe in face-to-face interaction with their financial custodians. As of 2020, India had a smartphone penetration rate of just about 54 per cent.

What are the challenges that they face?

Numerous. First and foremost is building trust. Unlike traditional banks, neo-banks don’t have a physical presence, so customers cannot literally ‘bank upon’ them in case of any issues/challenges. Secondly, neo-banks are yet to be recognised by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

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So, they have to engage with regulated banks and financial institutions to offer financial products and services. Due to the absence of enabling regulations, neo-banks cannot accept deposits or offer lending products on their own books. That is why some fintechs have a non-banking financial company (NBFC) as their parent to engage in lending activities while most others partner with banks and financial institutions.

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Neobanks are crucial for SME, MSE and retail customers., BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Today Neo-banks are disrupting the banking system with their customer-centric digital offerings across retail and Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) banking, remittances, money transfers, utility payments and personal finance. They focus on applying design thinking approach to a particular banking area and tailor their products, services and processes in a manner that makes banking simpler and convenient. This has provided a differentiated experience to the end user, resulting in higher client adoption rates.

Globally, top neo-banks have captured the attention of investors, which is reflected in their high valuations. Neo-banks are able to attract funding due to their disruptive capabilities and innovative approach to the way financial services are offered. For example:

  • A U.K.-based neo-bank is now the most valuable fintech firm at ~USD30 billion as of 2021 as it raised USD750+ million for product development and expansion.
  • A U.S.-based startup that delivers mobile banking services (like savings account and VISA debit cards) was valued at USD14+ billion in 2020.
  • An e-commerce giant, a multinational technology company and a multinational financial services corporation are separately eyeing a stake in a neo-bank, which is looking to raise ~USD100+ million. If it does manage to raise the amount, its valuation is likely to jump three times to around USD600+ million.

The global neo-banking market size is expected to reach USD333.4 billion by 2026, a market growth of 47.1 per cent CAGR over the next five years.Countries like the U.S. and Australia have licensed neo-banks, whereas in India, these are not licensed banks. Neo-banks collaborate with commercial banks to provide better adoptable solutions across business segments with the use of technology like open banking APIs, artificial intelligence, machine learning and data science. This dual combination creates value as the neo-bank handles technology and innovation while the licensed bank handles trust, franchise, risk, underwriting and collections. Low-cost operations of neo-banks result in better offerings and promotes business. However, the key value addition that neo-banks provide is a seamless and integrated customer experience while managing their financing and business banking needs. This is done through providing an integrated platform for automated transaction banking, payments, tax compliance, accounting services, investment needs, etc.

Case Study -1 – Building Current Account Balance with SME Focus

A Neo-bank offers a business banking platform over current accounts that helps SMEs automate and run their finances effectively. This platform seeks to integrate banking into an SME’s business workflow through APIs, instant receipts and payments gateway, real time cashflow monitoring, automated accounting and bookkeeping, payroll management, and vendor management. The platform is estimated to process USD10-15 billions in transactions annually with its multiple bank tie-up.

Case Study -2 – Enhance retail customer experience of traditional bank

While attempting to provide better customer experience, traditional banks face challenges of seamlessly integrating different platforms that run processing, card controls, authentication, rewards, etc. A Neo- bank helps such banks by providing a single integrated, modular, cloud-native, mobile first, banking platform that enables financial institutions to provide next-gen banking experiences to customers, thereby increasing customer engagement, retention and revenue. The customer gets a high degree of personalisation through value-added features like faster account opening, simplified money tracking, smart reporting, low cost international payments and money transfers, better interest rates on loans and deposits, globally accessible debit cards, etc. These measures result in higher adoption rates.

In India, banks and neo-banks have struck a collaborative partnership. While banks remain the money custodian, neo-banks are emerging as the crucial data and technology via medium for empowering the customer. However, this can also be seen as a roadblock for the neo-banks as they might never be allowed to operate independently, and the rising number of emerging fintech companies are making the environment highly competitive. Although neo-banks are scaling up their presence, there is a lack of regulations as the 100 per cent digital bank model has not been permitted in India yet.

In summary, as the regulatory landscape evolves, neo-banks can play an important role to address SME, Midsize Enterprise (MSE) and retail individual customer requirements beyond traditional banking in a seamless and integrated environment.

Written By- Sanjay Doshi (Partner and Head – Financial Services Advisory, KPMG in India) and
Amit Wagh ( Partner and Leader – Financial Services Business Consulting, KPMG in India)

DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the author and ETBFSI.com does not necessarily subscribe to it. ETBFSI.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly.



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Freecharge to offer a range of comprehensive financial services

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Digital payments player Freecharge is set to launch a slew of products this year as it looks to offer a set of comprehensive financial products. On the anvil, is a neo banking platform as well as lending services for small and medium enterprises.

“Our focus has been to provide a full suite of financial services, including payments, lending and savings. We have been working on it for the last two years and they will be launched during the course of this year,” said Siddharth Mehta, CEO, Freecharge.

Apart from payments, the company is already offers financial services such as mutual funds, credit cards, insurance and e-gold on its platform. It has recently also launched PayLater for its customers.

Partnership with Axis Bank

In an interaction with BusinessLine, Mehta said the neo bank, which is in partnership with Axis Bank, will offer services including a full KYC savings account, fixed deposits, recurring deposits and loans.

It will also offer services like a financial health score and goal management platform. “Our target customer base are salaried professionals in the 22- 32 year category,” he said.

Also read: Freecharge launches ‘Pay Later’ for its customers

Separately, Freecharge will also offer small ticket loans to merchants ranging from ₹5,000 to ₹1 lakh. The PayLater facility will also expand to EMIs, he said.

Meanwhile, commenting on the payments landscape, Mehta said that digital payments saw a sharp uptick post the Covid-19 pandemic. “There were pockets when digital payments saw a spike. For instance in the first Covid wave, DTH and data recharges increased, and then stabilised,” he noted.

In the payment space, Freecharge has been focussing more on increasing the number of transactions per user.

Mehta said the average number of transactions per user has now increased to about three per month from 2 to 2.5 previously.

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