Study, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Several banks, including State Bank of India (SBI), have been imposing excessive charges on certain services provided to poor persons having zero-balance or Basic Savings Bank Deposit Accounts (BSBDA), a study by the IIT-Bombay has revealed.

The study observed that the SBI’s decision to levy a charge of Rs 17.70 for every debit transaction beyond four by the BSBDA account holders cannot be considered as “reasonable.”

It highlighted that the imposition of service charges resulted in undue collections to the tune of over Rs 300 crore from among nearly 12 crore Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account (BSBDA) holders of SBI during the period 2015-20.

India’s second-largest public sector lender Punjab National Bank, which has 3.9 crore BSBD accounts, collected Rs 9.9 crore during the same period.

“There had been systematic breach in the RBI regulations on BSBDAs by few banks, most notably by the SBI that hosts the maximum number of BSBDAs, when it charged @ Rs 17.70 for every debit transaction (even via digital means) beyond four a month.

“This imposition of service charges resulted in undue collections to the tune of over Rs 300 crore from among nearly 12 crore BSBDA holders of SBI during the period 2015-20, of which the period 2018-19 alone saw a collection of Rs 72 crore and the period 2019-20, Rs 158 crore,” the study by IIT Bombay professor Ashish Das stated.

Levying of charges on BSBDA is guided by September 2013 RBI guidelines. As per the direction these accounts holders are ‘allowed more than four withdrawals’ in a month, at the bank’s discretion provided the bank does not charge for the same.

“While defining the features of a BSBDA, the regulatory requirements made it amply clear that in addition to mandatory free banking services (that included four withdrawals per month), as long as the savings deposit account is a BSBDA, banks cannot impose any charge even for value-added banking services that a bank may like to offer at their discretion,” the study said.

The RBI considers a withdrawal, beyond four a month, a value-added service, it said.

“We assess the dereliction in SBI’s duty towards the PMJDY when the BSBDA users were unduly (and against the extant regulations) forced to part with such high charges for their day-to-day (noncash) digital debit transactions that the bank allowed in a BSBDA,” it said.

SBI, in breach of RBI regulations set forth as early as 2013, had been charging the BSBDA holders for every debit transaction beyond four a month, it said, adding, the charges were as high as Rs 17.70 even for digital transactions like NEFT, IMPS, UPI, BHIM-UPI and debit cards for merchant payments.

“On the one hand, the country strongly promoted digital means of payments, while on the other hand, SBI discouraged these very people, to transact digitally for their day-to-day expenditures, by charging an exploitative Rs 17.70 per digital transaction. This dwarfed the spirit of financial inclusion,” it said.

The RBI’s nonchalant attitude to supervise its own regulations encouraged other banks to become unreasonable towards charges beyond four debits a month, it said.

For example, it said, effective January 1, 2021, IDBI Bank’s Board of Directors considered it reasonable to impose a service charge of Rs 20 for every non-cash digital debit (including UPI/BHIM-UPI/IMPS/NEFT and debit card use for merchant payments).

Even ATM cash withdrawals come at an exorbitant fee of Rs 40. Needless to mention that the bank also imposes a debit freeze beyond 10 debits a month by IDBI Bank.

“Although not by intent, but in practice RBI has allowed victimisation of these BSBDA customers despite being duty-bound to protect them. Two of its specialised departments – the ‘Consumer Education and Protection Department’ and the ‘Financial Inclusion and Development Department’ – allowed this to continue over years even though RBI regulations for “ensuring reasonableness of service charges” were in place,” the study claimed.

When SBI charged for every UPI/BHIM-UPI and RuPay digital payments though RBI was approached first to address the same under extant laws, it remained silent, the study said, adding it was the government, which when subsequently approached, that came forward to instruct the banks (on August 30, 2020), to retrospectively (since January 1, 2020) return the money to the depositors or face penal consequences.

Despite this respite, the RBI still needs to ensure compliance of its own regulations when SBI still considers itself compliant while charging as high as Rs 17.70 for every digital debit transaction, through means other than UPI/BHIM-UPI and RuPay-digital, carried out since January 2020.



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RBI raises Paytm, wallet accounts limit to Rs 2 lakh; opens RTGS, NEFT connectivity with payment operators

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The RBI also increased the prepaid payment instrument account limit to Rs 2 lakh per individual.
(Image: REUTERS)

The Reserve Bank of India would now allow RTGS and NEFT connectivity with non-bank payment system operators, paving way for UPI interoperability. Along with this, the RBI also increased the maximum balance per customer for payments banks to Rs 2 lakh per individual from Rs 1 lakh earlier. “This facility is expected to minimise settlement risk in the financial system and enhance the reach of digital financial services to all user segments,” RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said after the first bi-monthly Monetary Policy Committee meeting of this financial year.

Centralised payment systems such as RTGS and NEFT, operated by the RBI, was so far restricted to only banks with a few exceptions. RBI today announced that it is proposing to enable non-bank payment systems like PPIs, card networks, White label ATM operators, among others to take direct membership in the central bank run RTGS and NEFT. 

RBI had earlier in October 2018 issued guidelines for adoption of inter-operability on a voluntary basis for full KYC PPIs. “As migration toward inter-operability has not been significant, it is now proposed to make inter-operability mandatory for full KYC PPIs and for all payment acceptance infrastructure,” the RBI Governor said. To incentivize the same, RBI will increase the outstanding limit of such PPIs to Rs 2 lakh from the Rs 1 lakh limit earlier. The central bank said that it will issue a separate circular for the changes announced.

Further, in an attempt to incentivised people to carry less cash and consequently perform more digital transactions, RBI has also proposed to allow the facility of cash withdrawal, for full-KYC PPIs of non-bank PPI issuers. 

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RBI brings changes in RTGS & NEFT, PPI Interoperability and cash withdrawal from full KYC PPIs, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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The Reserve Bank of India in order to strengthen the digital payments ecosystem has brought in a slew of changes in the payments and settlement system from allowing non-bank entities in the RBI operated centralised payments systems to allowing cash withdrawals in full KYC Prepaid Payment Instruments.

Non-Bank entities in RTGS & NEFT

Currently the RBI operated Centralised Payment Systems (CPSs) – RTGS & NEFT are limited to banks and a few specialised entities like clearing corporation and select development financial institutions. The RBI will be now allowing non-bank players like PPI issuers, card networks, white label ATM operators, Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) platforms in a phased manner. These entities will now have to take direct membership in CPSs.

RBI said, “This facility is expected to minimise settlement risk in the financial system and enhance the reach of digital financial services to all user segments. These entities will, however, not be eligible for any liquidity facility from the Reserve Bank to facilitate settlement of their transactions in these CPSs.”

PPI Interoperability & Increased Limit

The Reserve Bank has further allowed interoperability of PPIs and increased the account limit to Rs 2 lakh in a view to promote optimal utilization of payment instruments like cards, wallets, etc. considering the constraints of scare acceptance infrastructure across the country. The RBI has been stressing on the benefits of interoperability among PPIs issued by banks and non-banks. It further noted that the migration of full KYC based on the October 2018 guidelines enabling interoperability is not significant.

RBI said, “It is, therefore, proposed to make interoperability mandatory for full-KYC PPIs and for all acceptance infrastructure. To incentivise the migration of PPIs to full-KYC, it is proposed to increase the limit of outstanding balance in such PPIs from the current level of ₹1 lakh to ₹2 lakh.”

Cash Withdrawal from Full-KYC PPIs issued by Non-banks

The RBI has allowed cash withdrawals from full KYC PPIs which are issued by non-bank entities.

Currently the cash withdrawal is allowed only for full-KYC PPIs issued by banks and the same facility is available through ATMs and PoS terminals.

The RBI said, “Holders of such PPI, given the comfort that they can withdraw cash as required, are less incentivised to carry cash and consequently more likely to perform digital transactions. As a confidence-boosting measure, it is proposed to allow the facility of cash withdrawal, subject to a limit, for full KYC PPIs of non-bank PPI issuers as well. The measure, in conjunction with the mandate for interoperability, will give a boost to migration to full-KYC PPIs and would also complement the acceptance infrastructure in Tier III to VI centres.”

The RBI will be issuing necessary instructions on all three measures separately.



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SBI Chairman, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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The country’s largest lender State Bank of India has seen a perceptible increase in the number of transactions happening at its multiple digital channels, with the percentage moving from 60 per cent in the pre-pandemic period to 67 per cent currently, Chairman Dinesh Khara said.

The rise in the number of digital transactions at the bank was largely driven by pick up in e-commerce during the pandemic-induced lockdown, which restricted movement, he said.

“When e-commerce picked up, it was actually the digital channels we are offering that got wider currency and acceptability. That is one of the reasons our digital transactions have gone as high as 67 per cent now.

“I think it is a phenomenal number, considering the fact that we are a bank which is serving all kinds of customers – digitally savvy and not digitally savvy,” Khara told PTI in an interaction.

He said the ecosystem such as round the clock availability of Real Time Gross Settlement System (RTGS) and National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT), which got created recently, also helped the bank in scaling up its digital transactions.

“I think part of it (higher digital transactions) is coming from the ecosystem and a part of it has come from the bank’s own effort,” he noted.

The lender’s digital lending platform – Yono (You Only Need One App) – has achieved significant growth during the current financial year.

At present, there are 35 million registered users of Yono and the bank is opening over 35,000-40,000 savings accounts per day with the help of the mobile app, he said.

During the current financial year, around Rs 16,000 crore worth of pre-approved personal loans (PAPL) have been disbursed to 12.82 lakh customers through Yono, Khara said.

While 59,000 crore car loans aggregating to around Rs 4,000 crore were sanctioned, the bank could generate 15,000 home loan leads worth Rs 4,000 crore with the help of Yono, he added.

The platform also helps in distributing products of the bank’s subsidiaries including SBI Life Insurance, SBI General Insurance and SBI Card and SBI Mutual Fund.

So far in this fiscal, close to 25 lakh personal accident policies and seven lakh life insurance policies have been issued using the Yono platform, Khara said.

“As more and more users are coming and using it (Yono), we are only ensuring that it becomes all the more robust so that it is in a position to handle and generate more volumes and create value for the bank, while also improving the experience of our customers,” he said.

The bank is constantly augmenting the infrastructure required to support an increasing number of transactions through all its digital channels, he said.

Khara said the bank’s topmost priority is to provide safety to customers using its digital channels and has significantly scaled up capabilities to deal with any kind of cyber frauds.

“We have ensured that the firewalls are strong enough and there should be adequate protection both at the end point as well as the server level,” he said adding that the bank continuously keeps reviewing protection levels to ensure that all channels and networks stay protected.

According to Kiran Shetty, CEO and Regional Head, India and South Asia for SWIFT, who was also part of the interaction, while the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital transactions and payments, it also necessitated remote working conditions, resulting in banks and financial institutions further ramping up their security infrastructure as cyber threats continued to grow. The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) is a network that enables financial institutions to send and receive information about financial transactions in a secure environment.

“At SWIFT, we actively support the global financial community in the fight against cyber-attacks by fostering a more secure financial ecosystem,” Shetty said.

He said SWIFT’s solutions such as Payment Controls System allows banks to mitigate fraudulent attacks by monitoring transactions on a real-time basis and detecting these potentially high risk transactions, alerting the teams and combined with the ability to block payments and transactions, prevents cybercrimes.

Shetty said SWIFT also runs a customer security program which its members need to follow. There are 31 principles to protect the environment in which SWIFT infrastructure operates.

Khara said products from SWIFT have added to the transparency for customers, both in terms of tracking the status of various payments and the transaction costs.

He said going forward, digitisation is more likely a default option as the bank serves a variety of customers in different geographies but physical branches will remain.

“It is not an ‘either-or’ situation. Physical and digital will co-exist. Our strategy is going to be phygital,” Khara concluded.



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Bandhan Bank signs agreement to provide banking services to Army personnel, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Private lender Bandhan Bank on Tuesday said that it has signed an agreement with the Indian Army to provide banking services to the personnel of the force. The bank got the mandate to maintain zero-balance salary accounts of the Army personnel, the lender said in a statement.

They will be offered other preferential services such as six per cent interest on balance over Rs one lakh, unlimited free ATM transactions across ATMs, waiver of issuance and annual charge on Shaurya Visa Platinum Debit Card and unlimited free NEFT/RTGS/IMPS/DD transactions.

Bandhan Bank Shaurya Salary Account also offers protection for self and assets. This includes free personal accident insurance of Rs 30 lakh, air accident cover of Rs one crore and free educational benefit of up to Rs one lakh per year for four years to a dependent child in case of accidental death of the account holder, the statement said.

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