Ambani backs data privacy, cryptocurrency bills, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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New Delhi, Billionaire Mukesh Ambani on Friday backed the proposed data privacy and cryptocurrency bills, saying India is putting in place the most forward-looking policies and regulations. Ambani, who has been a votary of Indians owning and controlling their own data and the nation drafting strict rules around how digital information is stored and shared, said nations have the right to build and protect strategic digital infrastructure.

Stating that data is the ‘new oil’, he said every citizen’s right to privacy has to be safeguarded.

“India is putting in place the most forward-looking policies and regulations,” he said at the Infinity Forum, hosted by International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).

The country, he said, already has a great framework of digital identity – through Aadhaar, digital bank accounts and digital payments.

“We are on the verge of introducing data privacy bill, and the cryptocurrency bill. I think we are on the right track,” he said.

The comments came as the government looks to bring a new bill in Parliament to treat cryptocurrencies as a financial asset while safeguarding small investors. The legislation may stipulate a minimum amount for investments in digital currencies while banning their use as legal tender.

The legislative agenda for the current winter session of Parliament that started on November 29 lists bringing of a bill that seeks to prohibit all private cryptocurrencies except “certain exceptions to promote the underlying technology of cryptocurrency and its uses.”

While the government is considering taxing gains from cryptocurrency, the Reserve Bank of India wants a complete ban on digital currencies as it feels this could affect the nation’s macroeconomic and financial stability.

“Data and digital infrastructure is strategically important for India and every other nation in the world. Every country has the right to build and protect this strategic digital infrastructure,” he said adding a uniform global standard was needed so that cross-border transactions, collaborations and partnerships are not hampered.

Stating that every citizen’s right to privacy has to be safeguarded, he said the right policies and the right regulatory framework have to balance this with the nation’s need to guard data and digital infrastructure.

Ambani, chairman and managing director of Reliance Industries Ltd, said that he was a big believer in blockchain technology.

“I believe in blockchain technology and this is different from cryptocurrency,” he said, adding, “Blockchain is very important for a trust-based, equitable society.”

While the bill for regulating cryptocurrency is in the works, RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das is among those who feel that the blockchain technology underpinning cryptocurrencies could exist on its own, even without the currency.

“Using blockchain, we can deliver unprecedented security, trust, automation and efficiency to almost any type of transaction,” Ambani said. “It can be used to modernize our supply chains that form the lifeblood of our economies.”

India is now well on its way to transforming itself into a leading Digital Society, having put the digital infrastructure, and the regulatory framework in place.

“Data is indeed the ‘new oil’. But the new oil is fundamentally different from the traditional oil. Traditional oil was extracted only at select places – thus, it created wealth only for some countries. In contrast, the new oil — that is Data — can be generated and consumed everywhere and by everybody. It has the potential to create value equitably, across sectors, across geographies, across economic classes,” he said.

His comments come against the backdrop of a debate on how India should balance user protections with support for its digital economy in the world’s fastest-growing major internet market. Foreign companies and hundreds of home-grown startups have flourished amid a dearth of regulation.

Ambani’s Jio has supercharged internet adoption, helping crash data prices since launch in 2016, and his group has now created an online-to-offline retail platform take on the likes of Amazon and Walmart-backed Flipkart, which are both betting big on India’s e-commerce market.

The country, he said, is transitioning fully from 2G to 4G. “We are in the process of creating an equally affordable ecosystem of devices to enable greater adoption, supported by a faster rollout of optical fiber, cloud, and data center infrastructure.

“The next step will be the connectivity of machines, devices and vehicles, which is the Internet of Things. With 5G rollout next year in India, we are on our way to having one of the most advanced digital infrastructures anywhere in the world.”

Ambani said India is well on its way to transforming itself into a leading Digital Society, having put the digital infrastructure, and the regulatory framework in place.

“Finance is at the heart of everything, and I believe we are in very early stages of sporadic digitization, and with various new-age technologies emerging, the opportunity is in adopting a decentralised model of finance,” he said.

There will be centralised government and central bank policies, but there will be a path to decentralized technological solutions where finance will be enabled and available to everybody, Ambani said.

Real-time technologies will help settle trades, not in days or hours, but in real-time. Smart contracts will become a reality.

“Convergence of real-time technologies, distributed ledger, blockchain, smart tokens etc with physical infrastructure using IoT will redefine the decentralized financing sector in a way that we have never imagined,” he added.



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DBS revises India’s FY2023 growth forecast by 100 bps to 7%

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DBS has revised India’s FY23 growth forecast upwards to 7 per cent year-on-year (y-o-y) (CY2022 6.5 per cent) from 6 per cent earlier.

The Singapore-based Bank’s economic research team observed that the 7 per cent y-o-y growth rate in FY23 will be amongst the fastest in its Asia-10 universe.

The MNC bank maintained India’s full-year FY22 forecast at 9.5 per cent y-o-y. It noted that with a receding Covid case count, India’s recovery is turning more broad-based.

The DBS team assessed that into FY23, beyond the thrust from reopening gains, precautionary savings and sectoral normalisation to pre-pandemic levels, capex generation is likely to be the next driver in raising and maintaining growth on a higher plane.

“With the government needed at the wheel in the initial phase, we expect the private sector to participate thereafter when ongoing deleveraging is complete. State elections are lined-up ahead, majority of within H122,” said DBS’ economic research team comprising Radhika Rao, Senior Economist; Philip Wee, Senior FX Strategist; and Eugene Leow, Senior Rates Strategist.

Mapping the monetary policy exit strategy

In their report, “India 2022 Outlook: Shifting to a higher gear”, the DBS economic research team assessed that inflation is likely to quicken into late-2021 and Q122 towards 6 per cent owing to a passthrough of higher input prices, imported energy costs, narrowing output gap and seasonal bouts of food/perishables.

Average inflation is likely to stay above the 4 per cent midpoint target for a third consecutive year in FY22, with DBS’ forecast at 5.4 per cent y-o-y.

With growth expected to gain traction in FY23 and assuming firm commodity prices, the bank expects FY23 inflation to also average a firm 4.5 per cent y-o-y, overcoming a high base.

DBS said while on-track recovery and above-target inflation make a case for policy normalisation, authorities are likely to be watchful of the new risk on the horizon – the Omicron variant.

Notwithstanding the caution, the bank still expects a gradual exit from the ultra-accommodative policy settings to continue.

The move to conduct a longer-duration 28-day VRRR auctions is likely to be followed by a staggered increase in the reverse repo rate – by 20 basis points (each at the December 2021 and February 2022 rate reviews. One basis point is equal to one-hundredth of a percentage point.

The report said a change in the policy stance is likely within first half of 2022, likely to followed by the start of policy tightening by mid-2022 (50 basis points hikes), when inflation will hover above the mid-point of the target range.

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CAG flags treatment of bank recap expenditure in FY18-19, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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The Comptroller and Audit General (CAG) has raised its concerns over treatment of expenditure of bank recapitalisation during 2017-18 and 2018-19, stating that it was against the provisions of the fiscal responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act.

For recapitalisation of state-run banks, the government provided ₹80,000 crore in 2017-18 and of ₹1.06 lakh crore in 2018-19 respectively.

The CAG has flagged in the expenditure budget the above mentioned expenditure on recapitalisation of the PSBs, had been netted against receipts from issue of special securities, while in the receipt budget, receipts from the securities have been netted against expenditure on recapitalisation.

It said that during the two financial years, funds for these investments were raised by the government through issue of non-transferable special securities to the same PSBs.

According to CAG, the finance ministry had stated that bank recapitalisation was not fiscally neutral but cash neutral, as issue of securities would get reflected in the total government debt and coupon payments for the special securities when made would be reflected in the deficit of the relevant year.

The concept of recapitalisation bonds was first introduced in 2017. Earlier, the capital infusion was to done by the government to a bank through cash outgo from the Consolidated Fund of India led to fiscal pressure.In 2017, the government had introduced recap bonds.

Under this, the government issues recapitalisation bonds to a public sector bank which needs capital. In turn, banks subscribe to the bond against which the government receives the money. Now the money received goes as equity capital of the bank. So the government doesn’t have to pay anything from its pocket.

The national auditor also pointed out the deficit in operation of the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF), which comprises all collections of small saving schemes.

“The balances under NSSF do not explicitly disclose the substantial accumulated deficit in the fund, which would have to be made good by the government in the future. There is also inadequate disclosure that significant amounts were being provided from NSSF for funding revenue expenditure of the government which would have to be serviced through budgetary support. It also raised concerns over inadequacies in disclosure under the FRBM rules.

The CAG pulled up the union government for adopting an erroneous process of devolution of Integrated Goods and Services Tax to states and short-transfer of cesses to reserve funds, which resulted in under-reporting of deficit figures for the 2017-18 and 2018-19 fiscals. The IGST, which is levied on inter-state sale of goods and services, is shared between the Centre and states in the 50:50 ratio.

In its report on the union government accounts tabled in Parliament, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) found that ₹13,944 crore was left unapportioned and retained in the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI) in 2018-19, even though the amended IGST Act now provides for a process for ad-hoc apportionment of IGST.



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How RBI plans to regulate digital lending, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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The Reserve Bank of India has come out with norms that aim to regulate digital lending specifically, with a focus on consumer interest.

While lending is highly regulated in India, digital lending is not, and the central bank saw a regulatory gap in such lending and constituted a working group.

Highlighting “renting an NBFC” or off-balance sheet lending models as an area of concern, the working group has proposed that all lending, including the buy now pay later products, must be done only “on balance sheet” by licensed entities.

This, if implemented, is set to alter the business models of several products, where the non-licensed entities provide some credit support such as first loan default guarantees, and assume part of the credit risk of the loan.

Maintaining transparency

To maintain transparency on the loan servicing front, the Group proposes that all loan services, repayments, and other related activities should be executed directly in a bank account of the balance sheet lender. A similar approach is envisaged for the disbursement of loans.

It has recommended the setting up of a nodal agency to primarily verify the technological credentials of Digital Lending Apps (DLAs) of balance sheet lenders along with maintenance of a public register of verified apps.

The digital lending apps will have to disclose their data and credit assessments and defend credit underwriting strategies. Unlike the credit bureaus, which rely on historical data trends and are highly regulated, the lending apps rely on AI and algorithms to analyse and price credit risk that remains highly unregulated. This will give consumers access to their credit underwriting data.

Interest rate regulation

While the RBI has stayed away from interest rate caps, the working group discusses the concept of an annual percentage rate (APR) that includes interest rates and all other costs associated with a loan to prevent over-charging by way of “hidden costs”. The report talks about the “need to bring in” interest rate regulation. The proposed transparency in pricing could have serious implications for the sector.

The report lays the groundwork for opening digital-only NBFCs/ banks, and the possible inclusion of digital/ neo-banks under the RBI regulations. and suggests measures for broadening credit reporting to enable better credit decisions.

Technology front

The second set of regulations are focused on strengthening the tech part of regulation given that technology is the backbone of the fintech revolution. For this, it has suggested observing prescribed baseline technology standards, storage of data in servers located in India, detailed disclosures on the app/ website coupled with increased emphasis on digitally signed documents.

The report envisages a self regulating organisation (SRO) for the segment, which will evolve codes of conduct for all participants, develop standardised contracts, build a model to calculate APR, prescribe and monitor technology standards that ensure the security of mobile-based apps, and institutionalise a consumer redressal mechanism. The reasoning of the RBI working group is that in the scenario of rapid technological changes, an SRO is well-positioned to understand the risks of newer business models.

Further, the names of identified unscrupulous lenders should be made available to the regulated entities to enable them to do enhanced due diligence while allowing customers to use banking/payment/telecom channels. Policies around anti-predatory lending and anti-usurious lending are urged.

The implications

For consumers, the new norms are likely to improve standards of transparency and disclosure, prevent unfair lending practices and give greater control over data.

However, the smaller players and technology intermediaries are likely to be affected by the proposed regulations and the sector is likely to see consolidation as rising cost of compliance and certain business models becoming unviable.



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WhatsApp wins approval to double payments offering to 40 million users in India

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WhatsApp has won regulatory approval to double the number of users on its payments service in India to 40 million, a source with direct knowledge told Reuters on Friday.

The company had requested that there should be no cap on users of its payment service in India.

Instead, the National Payments Corporation of India(NPCI)this week told the company it could double the user base to which it can offer its payment service – currently restricted to 20 million.

WhatsApp is owned by Facebook, which recently changed its name to Meta.

The source said the new cap would still hinder the company’s growth prospects given that WhatsApp’s messenger service has more than 500 million users in India, the company’s biggest market.

It was not clear when the new cap would come into effect.

WhatsApp did not immediately respond to a request for comment, while the NPCI declined to comment.

WhatsApp competes with Alphabet Inc’s Google Pay,SoftBank- and Ant Group-backed Paytm and Walmart’sPhonePe in India’s crowded digital market.

The NPCI gave WhatsApp approval to start its payments service last year after the company spent years trying to comply with Indian regulations, including data storage norms that require all payments-related data to be stored locally.

WhatsApp has almost reached its user base of 20 million for payment services, said the source, who declined to be identified as the details are private.

Online transactions, lending and e-wallet services have been growing rapidly in India, led by a government push to make the country’s cash-loving merchants and consumers adopt digital payments

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50,000 jobs at stake as govt brings laws to regulate cryptocurrencies

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Employees of cryptocurrency companies in India are a worried lot as the fate of the industry hangs in the balance.

Vinshu Gupta, Founder and Director, Nonceblox Blockchain Studio said “It is easy to use privacy coins to launder money or use a crypto mixer to hide drug or blood money but crypto also employs over 50,000 people in India and has immense potential to push India as a true 21st century super power.”

“The crypto industry needs regulation but it should be inclusive. A taxation process like TDS where profits are taxed at withdrawal sources in India like exchanges is a good strategy to start. The more it becomes an open-ended ecosystem, the more value it will bring to the Indian economy,” he added.

Also read: Crypto prices stable in India as investors await details of new Bill

Cryptocurrencies have gained prominence ever since the RBI ban was lifted in March 2020. India now has 15 home-grown crypto currency exchange platforms, consisting of more than 10 crore investors. According to broker discovery and comparison platform BrokerChooser, the total number of crypto owners in India now stands at 10.07 crore, which puts it ahead of every other country in the world. US stands at second position with the number of crypto owners at 2.7 crore, followed by Russia (1.7 crore) and Nigeria (1.3 crore). In comparison, the number of stock investors registered with the BSE/NSE in India has risen to 7.4 crore at present while for mutual funds it stands at 11.4 crore. In terms of share of crypto investors as a percentage of the population, India stands at fifth position at 7.3 per cent trailing Ukraine (12.7 per cent), Russia (11.9 per cent), Kenya (8.5 per cent) and US (8.3 per cent).

Indian crypto investments cross $10 billion

According to crypto research and intelligence business CREBACO, Indian crypto investments have increased to over $10 billion from $0.9 billion in April 2020, as crypto markets touched all-time highs.

“Currently, the government is set to introduce ‘The Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill, 2021’ in the winter session of Parliament beginning 29 November for consideration and passing. The bill aims to create a facilitative framework for the creation of the official digital currency to be issued by the RBI. It also seeks to prohibit all private cryptocurrencies in India, however, it allows for certain exceptions to promote the underlying technology of cryptocurrency and its uses. Currently, there is a lot of uncertainty but the government is making efforts to soon put out proper regulation with regards to crypto investment as it is quickly getting widespread across India,” said Hemang Jani, Head – Equity Strategy, Broking & Distribution, Motilal Oswal Financial Services.

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Bajaj Allianz General Insurance partners with TropoGo for drone insurance

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Bajaj Allianz General Insurance on Thursday announced its partnership with deep-tech startup TropoGo for the distribution of a drone Insurance product.

“The drone insurance product will cover damage to the Drone and Payload it carries, Third Party Liability along with additional covers for BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) Endorsement and Night Flying Endorsement,” it said in a statement.

Drone owners and drone manufacturing companies can avail an annual third-party and comprehensive coverage for accidental damage, theft, and disappearance, it said, adding that users can opt for additional endorsements for night flying, BVLOS, payload and data loss liability. Companies can also avail customised insurance coverage for fleet requirements.

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78.6% of women have bank accounts, up from 53% in NFHS-4, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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NEW DELHI: Nearly 81% women in urban India and 77.4% in the country’s rural area own a bank account that they operate themselves, as per the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21), the findings of which were released on Wednesday. Overall, there has been a big jump in numbers, with 78.6% women across India owning bank accounts as compared to 53% recorded in NFHS-4 (2015-16)

The survey also brought out data on how much of a “voice” women have in key household decisions. NFHS-5 assesses this by taking into account how many married women usually participate in three household decisions – healthcare for herself, making major household purchases, and visits to her family or relatives. NFHS-5 data shows that most women participate in these decisions and the percentage is quite high at 91% in urban India and 87.7% in rural parts.

The all-India percentage is 88.7% and is an increase over 84% in 2015-16. In terms of property ownership, there is still a long way to go even though there is an overall increase from 38.4% in 2015-16 to 43.3% in NFHS-5. Clearly the percentage of women owning a house and or land alone or jointly with others remains low. A notable fact here is that a much higher percentage of women in the country’s rural part (45.7%) have a property in their name compared to women in urban India (38.3%).

Women having a mobile phone that they themselves use has also gone up with 69.4% women in urban and 46.6% in rural India using a phone of their own. Overall, there has been an increase of 8% over the two NFHS periods from 45.9% to 54%.

It also showed how many women aged 15-24 years use hygienic methods of protection during their menstrual period – it is 89.4% in urban India and 72.3% in rural parts. Overall, compared to 57.6% women using hygienic methods of protection during menstruation in 2015-16 as per NFHS-4, 77.3% women use locally-made napkins, sanitary napkins, tampons and menstrual cups.



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Fearing ban, crypto prices crash

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Prices of top cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, USDT, Shiba Inu, Dogecoin and Sandbox, crashed on Indian crypto exchanges on Wednesday as investors panicked after the government moved a Bill seeking to prohibit private cryptocurrencies while allowing certain exceptions to promote the underlying technology.

The cryptocurrencies were trading 15-20 per cent lower in the morning hours after which crypto exchanges rushed to calm investor frenzy over social media, asking them to hold on to their assets until the details of the proposed law become public. As of 5:25 pm, on Wednesday, while a few cryptocurrencies recovered, several top tokens continued to trade in red. Bitcoin’s price was still down by 8.3 per cent, Tether or USDT’s was trading lower by 8.77 per cent, Shiba Inu plunged 14.85 per cent and Ethereum was down by 5.4 per cent, according to data on WazirX.

Also read: Government moves to ban all private cryptos

But crypto exchanges said the proposed Bill may not ban cryptocurrencies altogether. Nischal Shetty, Founder, WazirX told BusinessLine, “While the description of the draft Bill appears to be the same as in January 2021, several noteworthy events have occurred since January. The understanding and knowledge around crypto today is far greater than it was until a few months ago. This is what gives me the hope that we’ll soon be able to classify crypto into currency, asset, utility or security. As an industry, we’re in sync with the fact that INR is the only legal tender in India, and crypto being an asset/utility which people buy and sell.”

Ashish Singhal, Founder and CEO, CoinSwitch Kuber, said investors should calm down and take investment decisions without relying on secondary source of information. “Our discussions with stakeholders over the last few weeks indicate that there is a broad agreement on ensuring users are protected, financial system stability is reinforced and India is able to take advantage of the crypto technology revolution.”

Investment caps

According to an industry source, the proposed law may bring in investment caps to protect small investors. Another source said that existing investors will be given time to exit if there was a ban. The government did not shed any light on the provisions of the Bill which added to investor confusion, leading many to sell at a loss. “I had invested ₹5,000 last year which had grown to ₹16,000 but I sold it today after I read about the proposed Bill,” said Sumit Manikchand from Mumbai.

Others like 26-year-old retail investor Viraj Sheth, Co-founder and CEO Monk Entertainment, bought more. “People start selling when prices start dropping by 15-17 per cent, thinking it would tank further. But it has already started recovering. It’s up by 7 per cent or more. I have actually bought more Ethereum, Bitcoin and Matic in the morning today. I am okay to hold it for 10 years. And just in case its value goes down to zero tomorrow, it is still okay as it is only 20 per cent of my wealth. My bet truly is on the exponential return it will possibly give me if it does not go down to zero,” Sheth told BusinessLine.

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Singapore’s DBS suffers second day of online banking disruption, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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SINGAPORE -DBS Group Holdings Ltd, Southeast Asia’s largest bank, is facing disruptions in its online banking services for the second consecutive day on Wednesday after service outages began on Tuesday morning, leading to complaints from customers.

“Services were restored early this morning. Unfortunately yesterday’s digital banking issue has recurred and this has affected our services,” Singapore-based DBS said on its Facebook page on Wednesday.

The disruption in its online services, including a payments app, is the biggest faced by DBS in about a decade.

Singapore is the biggest retail and wealth management market for DBS, which also has operations in places including Hong Kong, Indonesia and India.

DBS did not elaborate on the cause of the disruption.

DBS’ Facebook post attracted more than 2,000 comments, with users saying they were unable to log in onto their digital bank accounts, while some asked for compensation.

“How long is this going to take to get it fully restored and running? This is incredibly frustrating when I need to have access to my funds,” said user Nicole Lou.



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