‘Managing wealth is managing yourself’, says Ashish Shanker of MOPWM

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A veteran in financial services industry, Ashish Shanker as managing director and chief executive of Motilal Oswal Private Wealth Management (MOPWM) leads a team that advises top corporates/institutions and over 3,000 HNI families. He has played a key role in building the investment, research and advisory platform and creating the proprietary ‘4C fund manager’ framework at the firm. As a captain of ship that advises client assets worth ₹25,000 crore, here is a sneak-peek of how the much sought-after wealth manager tends to his own personal finances.

What does money mean to you?

Money is a means to fulfill needs and desires for self, family and parents. It is a means to an end. You should have enough of it but then the greed for it also can end up destroying us.

What are your top financial goals as an individual?

For any parent, the kid comes first. Providing for my kid is at the top of my mind, so that he has a decent education and he has a decent lifestyle. Then, of course, providing for a high-quality retirement where I don’t have to compromise on lifestyle once I retire. I’m a little bit of a gourmet connoisseur, I like to have my malt as well. There are intermittent goals, such as travel and, at some point, may be housing. I do own a house, but it’s in my hometown (Pune). At some point, if price and wallet permit, buying a house in a Mumbai suburb of my choice is also a goal.

What does your portfolio look like?

Close to 85-90% of my money is invested in equities. All my incremental money also goes in equities. I do not count my PF (provident fund) in this.

My first job was as an equity analyst with a local brokerage firm. Even before that, I fell in love with equities in probably 12th standard. I used to interact with people in my family who were related to stock markets. I’ve been in private wealth firms now for 16 years. Hence, from day one, it’s been equities. Equity investments for me are a combination of stocks and mutual funds. I also hold a lot of my portfolio in ESOPs.

What was your most successful investment? What are the mistakes you’ve made?

All the investments that I made in the late 90s, and mind you I have not sold a single share, have been the most successful in terms of IRR (internal rate of return ). I bought Nestle, ITC etc., but on a very small capital.

I also do remember that I bought a lot of the dot-com stocks which went to zero. My experience has shown that if you buy 20-30 stocks and hold them, the better quality companies more than make up for the duds. So, the lesson I’ve learned is that in equities, patience and longevity beats everything else. It is 90 per cent temperament and 10 per cent skill.

How much emergency funds do you have and where do you keep it?

I’ve always had this principle that you should have at least six months of your expenses as emergency funds. You may call it very inefficient to keep that amount of money idle, but I always have that amount lying in my savings account. Now, there are even savings banks accounts, which give you 6-7 per cent. I tell people that maybe you should have one year’s worth money but six months is good enough for me.

What kind of amount would you require for your retirement?

Ten years back, if you’d asked me, I could have put a number of ₹5 crore. But today, that number doesn’t excite me because my lifestyle has gone up. I have figured it’s a moving target. Today, the target I am looking at is 200-250 times my monthly expenses.

As a private wealth veteran, what is the most important message to people on managing wealth?

As philosophical as it may sound, managing wealth, I believe, is predominantly about managing yourself. If you know your own temperament, you will be a better investor. Also, keeping it simple, and thinking long term is the crux of what I’ve learned in 24 odd years of my career. Ultimately, you are your biggest cash-generating machine. So, invest in yourself as in your career or your training, picking up skills.

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Sanjiv Bajaj, Bajaj Capital, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Q. Thoughts on digital proliferation bringing changes in the financial services space?

Earlier there was a clear distinction, there used to be offline players and online players trying to disrupt. The Covid-19 pandemic induced lockdown made everyone shift to digital which was no longer a choice but a necessity and survival tool. Regulators have been supportive of these digital advancements and all companies have put their best in improving digital capabilities and subsequently the IT related hiring has also gone up.

Today, even for an offline player like us (Bajaj Capital) our 60% of business is happening online and there’s no difference between us and the offline player. This is going very very fast. Those who couldn’t shift online are probably already out of business, now we are much more efficient.

Most businesses are at 90% of normalcy and most have exceeded the normalcy times as well as many are focusing on investments and insurances. Insurance has become a pull product.

The demand for online services has gone up and we have to put customers on waiting lists at times.

Q. How are your Phygital services shaping up?

Phygital is the future. For e.g. For Insurance, People have realised the level of services he/she wants without a physical presence, today service is very important. People are actually moving from pure digital services to phygital service where they know they can do their transactions online but they are aware that there is somebody to depend on for any other services like claims, etc. and it is becoming a part of it.

We are seeing a migration of people towards Bajaj Capital as we do have an offline presence too. Mass Affluent and HNI is moving to phygital unless it’s something like trading which they would do on their own but other segments are preferring that they know somebody to support.

Q. How do you leverage new emerging technologies?

It is important to have the process of onboarding completely online, earlier there used to be processes with physical signatures and these have been removed by the regulators. Digital experience depends on specific products. For e.g. Stock broking is completely digital, the other extreme end where customers require handholding and don’t want to do it completely online is investments, where they think it’s their hard-earned money and realise the importance of it and seek wealth manager and have become risk averse.

Customers have the capability to do everything online but they need a person to guide along with advice as market changes keep happening. Insurance is also witnessing a similar shift: few products and segments in non-life like car insurance have gone completely online, health & life – people are seeking phygital support and quality services.

Mass-affluent customers are demanding a premium experience with hand holding at the same time even if they’re capable of doing it completely online.



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FPIs bet big on private insurers

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Foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) are going strong on the Indian insurance sector. Bolstered by a strong growth in new business premium and profitability besides sensing a huge scope for insurance penetration, FPIs have been substantially increasing their stake in listed private insurers over the last 2-3 years.

Between FY19 and FY21, FPIs pumped in ₹52,527 crore into the sector.

Explosive growth

“Insurance industry in India is on the cusp of explosive growth. Even now insurance penetration (insurance premia as percentage of GDP) in India is abysmally low at 3.72 percent,” VK Vijayakumar, Chief Investment Strategist at Geojit Financial Services, said. “The upcoming five years are expected to witness 13-15 percent growth of the industry. Eying this opportunity, all investors – FIIs, DIIs, HNIs – have been scaling up investments in the sector,” he added.

Of the record FPI inflows worth ₹2.74-lakh crore in FY21, insurance attracted the second largest chunk after the private sector banks, Vijayakumar noted.

Prayesh Jain, Lead Analyst – Institutional Equities at YES Securities said that both life and general insurance are highly under-penetrated in India and have the potential to see a 15-18 per cent growth in premium CAGR over the next few years.

“Unlike other countries where insurers went bankrupt due to default in their investment papers, Indian insurers did not face any such situation due to strong regulations; their underwriting and claim settlement are quite impressive. All these factors make Indian insurance space more attractive for the foreign investors,” Jain added.

FPI holdings

Among private insurers, FPI holding in SBI Life more than doubled to 30.51 per cent as of FY21 from 14.06 per cent in FY19.

Similarly, foreign investors’ holding in HDFC Life jumped to 25.67 per cent (10.52 per cent) while their holding in ICICI Prudential Life went up to 16.51 per cent (10.08 per cent) during this period.

Stake dilution by promoters in these companies over the last two years to meet the regulatory guidelines have also helped FPIs to lap up their stocks in these companies.

“SBI Life has seen amongst the highest increase in APE market share for private players from 9 per cent to 11 per cent over the last one year. New Business Premium market share for the company has also improved more than 100bps to 7.4 per cent,” said Siji Philip, Senior Research Analyst at Axis Securities.

He also added that while HDFC Life had a commendable improvement in APE market share over the last one year from 6 per cent to 8 per cent, ICICI Prudential’s market share was largely flattish at 5.9 per cent.

“Overall, the industry performance is expected to improve in FY22 driven by a revival in ULIPs, improvement in non-par pension, annuity products, and demand pick-up which generally happens post a pandemic, besides the benefit of the low-base effect,” Philip added.

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How market-linked debentures combine the qualities of equity and debt

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In bonds, the returns are known upfront. At the other extreme are equity investments, where returns are uncertain. Market-linked debentures (MLDs) combine the two. MLDs are bonds/debentures where the coupon or interest payout is not defined as in the usual bonds. The ‘payout’, which is your return from the instrument, is made contingent upon the movement in another market, referred to as the underlying. The underlying can be an index or a stock or any other asset such as the Nifty, Sensex, any basket of stocks, government security or gold, to name a few. The advantage is, you get the benefit of investing in another market by simply buying a debenture.

They provide principal protection (PP) i.e. irrespective of the movement in the underlying market, you will get principal back on maturity. So, your downside in a PP structure is capped because worst possible return is zero. The upside depends on the movement in the underlying and MLD terms.

Two options

A point to be noted is that under certain structures of the product, the linkage with the underlying market is real. In certain other products, the conditionality of linkage with the underlying market is designed with a low probability, so that you have a high degree of certainty on returns. The latter are referred to as fixed-income-oriented structures and are more popular. Here, while there is a linkage with an underlying, the conditionality is kept in such a manner that the probability of getting the indicated return (XIRR) is near-certain. In real market-oriented structures, the pay-off is contingent upon the movement of the underlying.

More than 80 per cent of the issuances in the market are fixed income-oriented. As an illustration, a fixed income-oriented MLD can have a condition that if the Nifty as the underlying does not fall 75 per cent from the initial level or the price of 10-year government bond does not fall by 75 per cent, then the investor will get the indicated return. This condition being highly unlikely, the investor can visualise the return. In a real market-oriented structure, the terms would state something like this — if the Nifty goes up by X per cent, the investor would get 75 per cent of the upside.

Tax efficiency

MLDs are tax-efficient. There is no coupon payment, as they are by definition dependent on the underlying market movement. Principal protected structures are listed on exchanges and hence over a holding period of more than 1 year, become eligible for long term capital gains taxation (10 per cent plus surcharge and cess.

Compared to regular bonds, there is significant tax efficiency. Bond coupons and the usual zero-coupon bonds are taxed at the marginal slab rate i.e. 30 per cent plus surcharge and cess. The tenure of MLDs has to be a minimum of one year from a tax-efficiency perspective, which is the LTCG horizon required for listed bonds. Usually the tenure ranges from 15 months to a tad over three years. These are an HNI product and are not meant for retail investors. While there is no legally defined minimum ticket size (like ₹50 lakh in PMS), wealth management outfits would like to sell in ticket sizes of, say, ₹1 crore. But, the ticket size may vary. It depends on the face value also. If the face value is ₹10 lakh, it goes in multiples of 10 lakh.

The risk factors in MLDs are two-fold: (a) default risk, which can be gauged from the credit rating and (b) liquidity, there is no liquidity in the secondary market. Hence, if you need to redeem prior to maturity, there may not be a buyer. Nowadays, there are many issuers hitting the market. The presence of a PSU issuer rated AAA in this space, such as the Rural Electrification Corporation, implies that the concept of MLDs has the implicit support of the Government.

Some of the new private sector issuers hitting this segment are Shriram Transport Finance, Muthoot Fincorp, Shriram City Union, Hinduja Leyland Finance, Manappuram Finance and M&M Financial Services. This product is largely meant for HNIs and is yet to be made available in retail lot sizes. The issuances take place through private placements (as against public issues). Investors can avail of this product from wealth managers and a few select bond houses.

The author is a corporate trainer and author

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Product review: Axis Securities’ YIELD platform

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To make investing in bonds and debentures easier, Axis Securities launched a new online platform ‘YIELD’ early this month. Customers of Axis Securities can use YIELD to buy and sell bonds in the secondary market.

What it is

YIELD enables customers of Axis Securities to invest in a range of corporate bonds (rated A and above) trading in the secondary market. The bonds purchased on the platform can also be sold here.

Today, when you buy / sell bonds through your trading account with a broker, the transaction goes through based on the volumes available on the stock exchanges. Axis Securities has empanelled large wealth management firms (that deal in bonds) on its platform. It is the inventory of bonds available for sale with these firms that is aggregated and displayed on the YIELD platform.

For each bond, YIELD shows you the face value, current price (‘minimum investment’), coupon rate, yield to maturity (‘yield’), maturity date, frequency of interest payment, among other details. You can also see whether the bond is tax-free or taxable and perpetual or not. The platform also shows you the stream of cash flows from a bond over its entire tenure. The periodic interest payments each year and the final maturity amount to be received in the end, are shown diagrammatically for each bond. YIELD also allows you to compare different bonds with each other as also with fixed deposits from a few select banks including SBI.

Suitability

While YIELD offers the prospect of better liquidity (larger volumes) that HNI bond investors may require, it may not offer any significant advantage to small retail investors who can, therefore, continue to trade with their existing brokers. YIELD gives Axis Securities’ customers access to bonds available with large wealth management firms (which is besides what is available on the exchanges) thereby providing them greater liquidity.

The platform also offers the advantage of one-time KYC (know your customer) to investors. According to Vamsi Krishna, Head- Products & Marketing, Axis Securities, once your KYC with Axis Securities is complete, all your purchases through YIELD are simply conducted based on that. You don’t require a separate KYC for bond transactions with every bond house. Existing customers of Axis Securities can use the platform at no additional cost. Note that, though, as on date, you can use YIELD to sell only those bonds that have been bought on the platform.

Furthermore, today, with the cheapest bond on the platform priced at around ₹2 lakh and many others at ₹10 lakh, per bond, the platform is not suited to the needs of small investors. Axis Securities plans to introduce bonds of smaller denominations in future. Retail investors can invest in tax-free and taxable bonds of significantly small denominations via their trading accounts with other brokerages as also with Axis Securities (outside of the YIELD platform).

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Should you go for pre-IPO investing?

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With IPO subscriptions going through the roof and the pricing in IPOs expensive in many cases, investors have an option to participate early by investing in companies through the pre-IPO market or the unlisted market. This market, in which HNIs and even retail investors have started investing, helps invest in companies that are unlisted and are expected to go for an IPO in the mid to long term.

According to Unlisted Zone (amongst top 10 unlisted share brokers), their gross transaction value in the unlisted market has gone up from ₹2.1 crore in 2018-19 to ₹19.1 crore in 2019-20. In FY21 (so far), it has been more than ₹40 crore. Also, the number of transactions earlier were 5-10 per day compared to 20 per day now.

How it works

A typical deal in the unlisted market starts with a buyer (with a demat account) getting connected to an unlisted shares dealer. The price and brokerage is agreed upon. The buyer sends money to the seller after which the share transfer is done along with a transaction proof exchange. By T+0 evening or T+1 morning, the transaction is completed with unlisted shares reflecting as ISIN numbers in the demat account of the buyer.

There are no set rules on what is the minimum and maximum investment limit under the pre-IPO investing. It usually depends on the broker you are interacting with. Earlier, the minimum size for pre-IPO deals used to be a few lakh of rupees. But with the ecosystem gaining more depth, i.e., more brokers, more buyers, more ESOP sellers, more research and start-up investing gaining traction, one can start transacting with as little as ₹25,000.

The benefit of a pre-IPO deal is that you buy the companies at an earlier stage and at a cheaper valuation, if available, compared to buying as a normal investor at the IPO. If you can identify opportunities before the market at large does, it can translate to much greater gain when the company goes for an IPO and lists its shares.

Beware the risks

Pre-IPO investing certainly does look interesting but before pushing the pedal on this instrument, understand that it involves high risk.

First, the pre-IPO market is illiquid. You may not be able to sell your shares when you want as there may not be any buyer in the market. The liquidity is low because it is a niche segment that trades over the counter and not through an exchange.

Second, the risk of IPO timeline. The IPO of the unlisted company you invested in can get delayed due to market conditions. Also, it is better to check if the management has provided any guidance on their IPO plans.

Next is the valuation at which the unlisted shares are being bought. Unless, a comprehensive valuation check with listed peers is done, you may end up buying at high valuations.

Further, there is the risk of being charged higher transaction costs by the broker you are dealing with. Investors should note that they can pay maximum 1-2 per cent premium on the cost price as brokerage. So, check prices with a few other dealers and compare before you enter a transaction.

Note that pre-IPO investing comes with a one year lock-in once the company’s shares get listed. So, one may miss the listing gains if the company makes a successful debut on the markets.

Also, if the fundamentals of the company changes and that warrants selling the stock, you may not be able to do so until one year.

Finally, one has to be cautious of frauds. Last year, a Bangalore-based prominent wealth management firm’s founder was arrested for a pre-IPO investing fraud. They took the money for the shares but never delivered the shares. Always deal with a trusted broker with a good track record.

Note that since there is no ombudsman or appointed entity for redressal, the only legal option left is to file a police complaint against the individual or directors of the company.

Taking into consideration all of the above, it becomes apparent that only investors with mid to high risk appetite should take a look at this instrument.

The writer is COO at JST Investments

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