Banks in EU “window dress” to escape higher capital charges, says BIS paper, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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LONDON: Some of the European Union‘s biggest banks are holding less capital than they should by using transactions to temporarily compress their balance sheets, a research paper from the Bank for International Settlements said on Thursday.

After several banks had to be rescued by taxpayers during the global financial crisis over a decade ago, global regulators now designate the biggest among them as globally systemic banks or G-SIBs to face tougher capital rules.

Each year, G-SIBs are slotted into buckets, with tougher rules for those in the higher buckets.

The paper from the BIS, a forum for central banks based in Basel, Switzerland, said “window dressing” or using transactions to compress assets and liabilities at the end of the year, is blurring data used by regulators and thus affecting the actions they take.

The volume and riskiness of assets and liabilities determine how much capital must be held, but banks are able to “manage down” their G-SIB score and reduce their capital surcharges, the paper said.

“Up to 13 banks in the EU would have faced more intense supervision and higher capital requirements in the absence of window dressing,” the paper said, without naming them.

“Of these, three banks would have been added to the G-SIB list, whereas 10 banks would have been allocated to a higher G-SIB bucket in at least one year,” the paper added.

Window dressing has long been a bugbear of regulators, but the paper from the BIS suggests that regulators should be taking a more granular approach to designating G-SIBs, which affect the stability of the financial system.

“Our findings underscore the importance of supervisory judgement in the assessment of G-SIBs and call for greater use of average as opposed to point-in-time data to measure banks’ systemic importance,” the paper said. (Reporting by Huw Jones)



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Global banks unwind lucrative India trades after RBI warning, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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NEW DELHI: Foreign banks have been forced to unwind billions of dollars worth of profitable currency trades at the behest of India’s central bank, according to people with knowledge of the matter.

The issue in focus is a flurry of currency swap trades that involved the banks converting rupee-denominated deposits into dollars that were then used to buy foreign sovereign debt including US Treasuries, which are unlisted in India. The Reserve Bank of India warned the banks of a regulatory breach last week, saying they must limit their holdings of such unlisted securities to no more than 10% of investments classified as the non-statutory liquidity ratio portfolio.

Some lenders had racked up exposures of more than $1 billion each by using a regulatory loophole created in February to convert rupee deposits into dollars using a buy-sell swap — buying the greenback now while selling the same amount at a specified date in the future. They then used the proceeds to purchase US government debt and profited from the arbitrage, paying around 3.5% on the local currency deposits and earning 4.9% on the 12-month yield on the currency pair.

As the biggest buyer of the greenback in the forwards market, the RBI was effectively funding some of the trading profits.

The central bank, as part of its intervention strategy, had been offsetting its dollar purchases in the spot market, by entering into sell-buy swaps in the forwards markets. That had swelled its forwards book to over long $70 billion, causing dollar/rupee forward premiums to spike and foreign banks to book arbitrage gains from the trade earlier this year.

Indian entities were net buyers of almost $3 billion worth of Treasuries over April and May, according to US government data, the first inflows from the South Asian nation since October.

The biggest beneficiaries of the swap trades have been overseas lenders in India, which have easy access to large dollar investments, the people said. An email to the RBI was unanswered.

The banks are in the process of unwinding the trade, the people said. They are selling Treasuries and conducting sell-buy swaps — selling the greenback and agreeing to buy at a later date specified in the contract.

The impact of the unwinding was visible in the forward dollar-rupee rates. The implied 12-month yields rose 7 basis points on Friday and Monday after the order and is currently trading at 4.34%.



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Global banks move some India operations overseas, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Global banks are feeling the coronavirus heat in India.

With several employees or their kin down with Covid, Wall Street banks with centres in top metros including Bengaluru, Mumbai, Pune and Gurgaon, are moving some work to overseas locations.

About 200 employees at HSBC’s tech centre in Bengaluru are affected due to Covid, and its centres in China and Krakow have picked up work from Bengaluru.

Deutsche Bank, with 4,000 employees in Bengaluru and Pune, said it does not expect the pandemic to disrupt its operations as it has all the contingency plans in place.

Standard Chartered said last week that about 800 of its 20,000 staffers in India were infected. As many as 25% of employees in some teams at UBS are absent.

Wells Fargo

At Wells Fargo & Co’s offices in Bangalore and Hyderabad, work on co-branded cards, balance transfers and reward programs is running behind schedule. Some work is getting transferred to the Philippines, where staff is working overnight shifts to pick up the slack. The San Francisco-based bank employs about 35,000 workers in India to help process car, home and personal loans, make collections, and assist customers who need to open, update or close their bank accounts.

Wall Street giant Morgan Stanley, which has 6,000 employees in Mumbai and Bengaluru, said a small percentage of its staff

have been impacted due to the pandemic, though it is operating in a business-as-usual mode.

Goldman Sachs

Goldman Sachs’s Bengaluru centre which has over 6,000 employees across all the businesses, had close to a 48-hour impact as some of its employees were affected by Covid.

But the work was picked up by Salt Lake City in Utah that makes up the second-largest presence in North America. Work from India moved to London too in those 48 hours.

At UBS, with many of the bank’s 8,000 staff in Mumbai, Pune and Hyderabad absent, work is being shipped to centres such as Poland. The Swiss bank’s workers in India handle trade settlement, transaction reporting, investment banking support and wealth management. Many of the tasks require same-day or next-day turnarounds.

Barclays Plc is shifting some functions were shifted to the UK from India.

Citigroup Inc said there’s currently no significant disruption, while Deutsche Bank AG said employees were working seamlessly from home.

Dire predictions

Nasscom, the key lobby group for India’s $194 billion outsourcing industry and its almost 5 million employees, has downplayed the threat to operations.

Experts have warned the crisis has the potential to worsen in the coming weeks, with one model predicting as many as 1,018,879 deaths by the end of July, quadrupling from the current official count of 230,168. A model prepared by government advisers suggests the wave could peak in the coming days, but the group’s projections have been changing and were wrong last month.



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Global banks innovating in a borderless environment, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Global banks are tapping local talent and FinTechs in India to strengthen their global innovation capability across their presence in different regions. A centralised innovation team with local presence is a common methodology found across different global banks.

In an exciting panel discussion hosted last week on ‘Innovation In A Borderless Environment’ we explore how global banks are placed in developing their innovation capabilities.

Ash Malik, MD & Head-Technology Centres India, Deutsche Bank, said, “Deutsche Bank is a universal bank offering services from corporate banking to asset management across the globe and we believe in localization which means building deep expertise of the local market and reg environment on ground itself. We’ve regional SMEs in local markets globally aligned so we can provide support round the clock. In the first 6 months of 2020, Deutsche Bank transacted a record of $15 billion dollars of local issue currency and FX for clients across normal Asian market hours and this kind of intense customer focus led to Deutsche Bank being awarded crisis response year award in September.”

Malik explained that they have a local management structure which works closely with desks and play a critical role in establishing relationships with local government and regulators. Last year, DB became the first European bank to receive approval from SAFE Shanghai and to join its pilot payments rail and the objective is to expand cross border trade and simplify the payment process. DB customers now no longer have to perform onerous processes and instead connect to FX payments in seconds.

Malik adds, “Additionally we are partnering with FinTech companies across the region. Overall we’ve a global network of innovation teams across major centres and identify the adoption of strategic emerging technologies. We essentially do it for three key channels, a demand driven model where we co-innovate and collaborate with customers on ground, second, we’ve a scouting team and this team monitors key technologies and capabilities which bank considers strategic like cryptocurrency/blockchain which is going to be key for cross-border transaction this knowledge is used internally to innovate further and finally what we have is internal incubation where all employees in DB are given a platform to innovate.”

Rathnaprabha Manickavachagam, MD & Head-Innovation & Digital Transformation, India & Romania, Societe Generale, Global Solution Centre is driving innovation and digital transformation from India. She said, “We’ve a centralized innovation team headquartered in Paris which specifically looks at mergers and acquisitions like open banking models, collaboration with GAFAs, looking at a variety of ways for cross-border interaction. As they discover models, they work with 27 arms of the bank. Being an outpost in Asia, we’re extremely execution focused where we get different business use cases from businesses and give hands on solutions working with FinTechs and internal teams on emerging technologies. Major work is also delivered on value chain and product transformation.”

She explained how they interact with 16 innovation centres set-up across by Soc Gen, with additional smaller outposts in Singapore and Hong Kong. The innovation ecosystem is quite inter-linked across Soc Gen while we are connected on the strategy, we have a very good connection with extended teams of businesses in Asia, India and Romania, we can also work for the rest of the group in different regions.

She added, “We worked with 8 start-ups in Africa for our bank in the African region, we’ve that kind of mandate interlinked with strategic focus where businesses need help to improve product or topline or customer experience or introduce something new. The innovation set-up is centralized and local as well as convenience and strategic connects on specific projects.”

Ellis Wang, Sr EVP, Group Head of Technology, Transformation and Information at Mashreq Bank has executed a digital inside-out and outside-in strategy. He said, “Digital services became mainstream and we moved our applications to cloud to deliver seamless service. Our digital team is working on internal and external processes, by internally how we can adopt more digital to increase efficiency and reduce operational cost with higher STPs, more automation, etc. When we moved to cloud, we also explored allowing more touch points for our clients. Our innovation team is called ‘One Digital’ we also designed digital inside-out where we leverage APIs to service our clients for their requirements and different ecosystem services from e-commerce to insurance.”

At Mashreq Bank for Ellis the idea is to drive engagement by providing end-to-end service. He adds, “We also look at digital outside-in where we leverage external digital channels to target customers through these channels. We are preparing for hybrid operations. The One Digital team thinks about leveraging emerging tech to service corporate and retail customer base by knowing the customer base and tech.”

At Wells Fargo, Bharat Raizada, Lead-Chief Technology Office for India & Philippines has embraced cross-border capabilities over more than a decade ago and explains how as a part of global organisation innovation is being driven from India and Philippines.

Bharat said, “For innovation, there’s an organisation called Strategy Digital Platforms & Innovation which reports up to the CEO and is focused on driving innovation across organisation and driving value for customers. This SDI organisation works closely with all lines of businesses and has a presence in India and Philippines as well and we continue to work actively from a technology point of view to understand new innovation requirements from short and long term investment perspective.”

“There is a big play from quantum computing on how we can rapidly calculate risk on financial transactions as well as how we think of cryptography. How do we do interplay of data not only big data but small data too. A lot of the work gets done in India and Philippines,” adds Bharat.



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