About Rs 21 crore to be disbursed to farmers as insurance claims for 2019-20 was returned by the insurance company as the farmers were unable to submit their account numbers and matching IFSC codes. Claims of Rs 70 crore are pending for 2020-21.
The farmers were getting compensation for crop loss due to adverse weather or other factors under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna (PMFBY). Most farmers (60-80%) have their accounts in primary agriculture cooperative societies (PACS). Earlier, the farmers were made to open mirror accounts in district cooperative banks (DCBs), and agriculture insurance company (AIC) of India was allocating the lumpsum amount of the total claims from a district to the DCB there. The DCB would then transfer the claim amount to the farmers through the mirror accounts. The DCBs were then giving utilisation certificates to AIC .
However, with Centre’s decision to enforce DBT, indirect transfer of insurance claim amounts became impossible. While trying to upload the claims in the DBT portal, the farmers submitted their account number in PACS and the district cooperative bank’s IFSC code. However, their claims bounced as these two data did not match. The compensation to farmers has not been disbursed for the last two years, said K K Kochumuhammed, president of Kole Karshaka Sangam.
Besides, Kerala Bank, formed by merging 13 DCBs, was yet to get a common IFSC code. “Once our software integration is over we will get a common IFSC code. We have requested AIC to retain the earlier practice till then, and clear the pending claims,” said Anita Abraham, DGM, Kerala Bank.
“We had a video conference on Thursday with Union agriculture ministry officials, and requested them to defer DBT implementation till the amalgamation process of DBCs and Kerala Bank are completed, and they have responded positively,” said George Alexander, additional director of agricultural department.
Starting August 1, you will be able to get your salaries and pensions credited over the weekend, too, with the National Automated Clearing House (NACH) becoming available on all days of the week.
RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das announced the move on Friday. “In order to further enhance customer convenience, and to leverage the 24×7 availability of RTGS, NACH which is currently available on bank working days, is proposed to be made available on all days of the week effective from August 1, 2021,” he said.
NACH is a bulk payment system operated by the NPCI and facilitates one-to-many credit transfers. Over 40.6 crore transactions (credits and debits) were presented on the NACH platform in May.
Digital drive
Amidst the rising adoption of digital payments, the move is set to benefit customers. Apart from getting salaries and pensions over weekends, customers will also be able to make payments such as EMIs and SIPs over the weekend.
Das noted that NACH has emerged a prominent mode of direct benefit transfer (DBT) to a large number of beneficiaries and has helped transfer of government subsidies on time.
At present, it is available on days banks work and auto debit transactions are not processed on holidays.
Vishwas Patel, Chairman, Payments Council of India, said it will speed up payments. “As IMPS, NEFT and RTGS are moving into real-time payments, NACH being available on all days will help employees get salaries on time, faster and even on weekends,” he said.
Jithesh PV, Vice-President and Head, Digital Banking, Federal Bank, said: “More partners such as NBFCs and products like bill payments may move to NACH as it is now available on all days making it a more convenient platform.”
“Availability of NACH on all days will further the financial inclusion objectives through DBT,” said SS Mallikarjuna Rao, MD and CEO, Punjab National Bank.
Bulk payment system, National Automated Clearing House (NACH) will be operational all days of the week effective from August 1, 2021. NACH is operated by NPCI and facilitates one-to-many credit transfer such as payment of dividend, interest, salary and pension.
RBI said, “NACH has emerged as a popular and prominent digital mode of direct benefit transfer (DBT) to large number of beneficiaries. This has helped transfer of government subsidies during the present COVID-19 in a timely and transparent manner. NACH is currently available only on the days when banks are functional. In the interest of customer convenience, and to take advantage of the availability of RTGS on all days of the year, it is proposed to make available NACH on all days of the week throughout the year, effective August 1, 2021.”
NACH has enabled large scale direct benefit transfer programmes of several government schemes to a large number of beneficiaries and helped government transfer subsidies during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Over the past six years, India has made significant strides in widening the scale and impact of its financial inclusion efforts. Owing to the Government of India’s initiative to provide a bank account to every household, under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY),an estimated 80% of Indians presently own a bank account .
But while ownership of Jan Dhan accounts improved remarkably (from 35% in 2011 to 80% in 2017), usage of these accounts continues to remain low. To increase engagement with Jan Dhan’s vast customer base, banks must focus on increasing awareness, reaching out to them via relevant communication and distribution channels, but most importantly, they must acknowledge the potential of women customers as the key lever to household financial empowerment and prosperity.
Low-income women customers are among the most important segment as they form a majority (nearly 55%) of the entire Jan Dhan portfolio . But according to Findex 2017only 33%of women actively use their accounts. This is also because many financial products simply don’t work for women. In the absence of disaggregated data, institutions don’t often realize that women have unique needs and gender neutral policies may be limited in providing solutions tailored to their needs.
Relooking at the financial inclusion agenda with a gender lens has the power to accelerate India’s banking sector’s efforts towards the objective. Data proves that when products are created with women’s specific needs in mind, men are just as or even more interested .Data also shows that any inclusion effort that focuses on women results in better conditions for children, household nutrition, and for the larger community . Women’s increased control over household finances leads to more investment in children and has a positive impact on economic growth. Overall, full, and sustainable financial inclusion of women could have a great impact on the reduction of both poverty and income inequality levels.
How banks can embed a gender focus across financial inclusion efforts
To start with, India’s banking sector needs to understand the unique needs and preferences of its Jan Dhan women customers and design for them. To engage women, banks need to understand their barriers and provide women reasons to proactively engage with the bank. For example, women regularly save small amounts of money, but use informal methods due to habit and convenience. Similarly, a pilot with a large public sector bank found that the promise of an overdraft (linked to small frequent savings) acted as a strong motivator to nudge this behaviour change .
But to understand these differences, it is important for financial service providers to collect and act on sex-disaggregated data in order to understand women customers, and their unique needs, better. Going a step further, regulators can play a crucial role by encouraging, or if needed mandating, sex-disaggregated data collection and usage by FSPs and policymakers.
Secondly, it is important to develop an outreach strategy for the Jan Dhan women customer base that increases their awareness of account benefits and welcomes her. Women customers need to understand how using their Jan Dhan account can benefit them; they need to see the value in changing their established habits of using informal banking methods. Women also find banks unfamiliar and perceive them not be relevant for their small savings. Awareness of savings benefits, low cost micro-insurance, access to overdraft, etc.in the Jan Dhan account is also low among women customers. One of the biggest challenges for the banking sector is to be able to reach women customers directly and through usage of alternate channels. This makes SMS, WhatsApp videos, word of mouth, local community influencers even more important. A sector wide awareness drive supported by government could go a long way in addressing these awareness gaps and provide a boost to financial inclusion.
Finally, India’s banking sector needs to nurture Banking Correspondents as strategic channel partners to deepen the engagement with the Jan Dhan customer base–especially with women. Women prefer transacting at local Banking Correspondent (BC) points because of either proximity or because they trust them .Furthermore, women BCs are natural relationship managers and are better able to deepen banking engagement. In addition, even though 55% of the customer base is female, less than 10% of BCs are women. Banks need to transform this last mile channel into relationship managers who can nudge customers to start small savings in their accounts and cross-sell products that address their needs. Creating a cadre of women banking correspondents will help banks deepen customer engagement beyond transactions and improve the engagement rates of their women customer base.
The road ahead
The Government of India is steadily leading the way for banks to address financial inclusion with a deliberate gender focus. In a revolutionary move announced in March 2020,itundertook a Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of INR 500 per month for three months (April2020 to June 2020) targeting women customers under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana. The objective of the government was to bolster financial security to the most vulnerable sections of Indian society – low-income women – as payments to women customers further ensures that the money is used for basic household needs5.
As we enter 2021, there is tremendous opportunity for banks to take these efforts beyond mere government cash benefits and embed a gender specific approach to address the needs of the 225 million women Jan Dhan customer base. Building women’s leadership in regulatory organizations is equally important to ensure representation for the cause at senior level and enable a favourable environment at the intersection of leadership development and women’s financial inclusion.
Pallavi Madhok, Senior Solutions Specialist and Ajit Agarwal, Product Manager, Advisory Services at Women’s World Banking)
(The blog has been authored by Pallavi Madhok, Senior Solutions Specialist and Ajit Agarwal, Product Manager, Advisory Services at Women’s World Banking)
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