Why you should pay attention, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Football superstar Lionel Messi recently launched his own collection of NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, that were created using his image by an Australia-based digital designer and are expected to make billions of dollars.

In India too, Bollywood superstar Amitabh Bachchan has launched his own NFTs, which are themed around his life. Before him, Sunny Leone became the first Bollywood actress to launch her own NFT collection of unique, hand-animated art.

Messi, Big B and Leone are not alone in this business. The popularity of NFT, a type of digital asset, has exploded beyond anyone’s imagination in recent years. NFT artworks have been selling for millions and attracting the attention of big brands, celebrities and icons.

What are NFTs?
In simple terms, NFTs are digital assets that exist on a public blockchain that serves as a record of ownership. While anyone can view the items, only the buyer of an NFT has the ‘official’ status of being its owner.

Unlike digital items that can be endlessly modified and reproduced, each NFT has its own digital footprint, which makes it one of a kind. All kinds of digital objects such as images, text, videos, music and even tweets can be converted into NFTs and that process is called “minting” (Yes, like in the cryptocurrency world).

Growing Popularity
The fact that NFTs can give buyers a sense of “unique ownership” and “Digital Immortality” has unlocked exciting opportunities for digital commerce and engagement.

Despite being in existence since 2017, the popularity of NFTs surged only in 2021. According to DappRadar, a Lithuania-based data tracking company, trading volumes of top NFT collections such as Axie Infinity, CryptoPunks and ArtBlocks increased 300% and generated more than $1.5 billion in sales.

Another report published in Forbes pegged NFT sales at over $1.2 billion – almost half of the $2.5 billion cumulative sales volume in the first two quarters of 2021 – while the dapp (decentralised applications) industry as a whole registered more than 1.4 million daily unique users, a 23.72% increase from the previous month.

Future Possibilities
In the crypto world, the idea of integrating NFTs and e-commerce platforms has been making headlines for a while now. Experts believe due to its digital nature and long shelf life, NFTs can play a significant role in the world of e-commerce and market with high-end goods.

“As mixed reality technologies mature, regular people are going to spend more and more of their time — and therefore money — in virtual environments,” a research associate affiliated with a French international banking group told a Business channel.

Since NFTs are digital in nature, they do not involve the hassles or cost of shipping products (even though there is a certain minting and hosting fee that needs to be paid to the marketplace showcasing the NFTs as collections).

Big opportunities await luxury brands that can potentially offer exclusive and limited NFTs without having to worry about counterfeits since the metadata on the token cannot be changed by users.

Need for Precaution
However, all good things come with certain challenges. And in the case of NFTs, the issue of copyright is one. As the market for NFT grows, cases of digital art being copied on the NFT platforms have surfaced, calling for a strict recourse on digital theft and modification.

Though some platforms such as OpenSea and Nifty Gateway provide users with the option to report or appeal copyright infringement in their terms of service, the absence of any official trademark makes it harder for the creators to lay a claim in the world of the internet.

The issue of cyber-security also looms, as several users have reported about accounts being hacked and NFTs worth thousands of dollars getting stolen.

Crypto could be a threat to brokers, exchanges

OTHER BIG STORIES FROM THE CRYPTO WORLD



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Risks & Regulatory Imperatives, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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In today’s age of the Internet, fiat and account-based electronic money are in a state of flux. A decade after Bitcoin was introduced to the world by Satoshi Nakamoto, token-based digital currencies have proliferated to include a wide variety of private cryptocurrencies, central bank digital currencies and stablecoins. Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are a direct liability of the central banks. Stablecoins, on the other hand, are fiat collateralised (linked to fiat currencies such as the US dollar or euro.) or collateralised as per the value of the underlying asset or reserve.

Regulators across the globe are concerned about the unprecedented growth of tokenized money, stablecoins in particular, and its potential to disintermediate incumbent financial institutions , create volatility and financial stability risks.

Let’s Decrypt Stablecoins
Are the concerns over stablecoins legitimate? Let’s understand this token and its various types in detail to make an informed opinion.

So, what are stablecoins? Unlike Bitcoin and other popular cryptocurrencies, known for wild volatility, stablecoins are blockchain-based cryptocurrencies backed by safe reserves.

But, are stablecoins really stable?

Let’s have a look at different types of stablecoins classified solely on the basis of the value that underpins them.

Types of Stablecoins
● Fiat-collateralized stablecoins: These stablecoins are collateralized by fiat money, such as US dollar, euro or the pound, on a 1:1 ratio. Common examples are Tether (2014), Gemini Dollar(2018) and TrueSD.

● Stablecoins backed by other asset classes: There are a few stablecoins, which are backed by a basket of multiple assets (commercial papers, bonds, real estate, precious metals, etc). The value of these stablecoins can fluctuate over time subject to movement in commodity and precious metal prices. Digix Gold, backed by

physical gold, was introduced in 2018. SwissRealCoin, launched in 2018, had a Swiss real estate portfolio.

● Crypto-collateralized stablecoins: Crypto-collateralized stablecoins are more decentralised than their peers and are backed by cryptocurrencies. The flipside is price volatility. To address the risk of price volatility, these stablecoins are over-collateralised. Dai (launched in 2017) is the most popular crypto-collateralized stablecoin.

● Non-collateralized stablecoins: These stablecoins do not have any backing and are decentralized in the true sense. The supply of non-collateralized stablecoins is governed by algorithms. Basis, introduced in 2018, is the most common stablecoin in this category.

Risks from Stablecoins
Tether, arguably the largest stablecoin issuer, disclosed in March that it held over 75% of its reserves in cash and cash equivalents, most of which are in the form of commercial paper. The remaining assets include loans to unaffiliated entities (12.55%), corporate bonds, funds & precious metals (9.96%), and additional investments which include Bitcoin and other digital tokens (1.64%).

The commercial paper holdings of Tether outnumbered leading money market funds (MMF) in the US and Europe.

In the event of a mass selloff of Tether coins along with other stablecoins, short-term credit markets will have to bear the brunt. In June this year, the crash of Iron, an algorithmic stablecoin, gave us a glimpse of the risk they run. That made Mark Cuban, an America’s billionaire entrepreneur and a victim of Iron collapse, to raise his voice for regulating stablecoins.

Fitch Ratings has rightly cautioned that potential asset contagion risks linked to the liquidation of stablecoin reserve holdings could increase pressure for tighter regulation of the nascent sector.

Clarion Call for Regulation
US Secretary of the Treasury Janet L Yellen has underscored the need to act quickly to ensure there is an appropriate US regulatory framework in place.

“You wouldn’t need stablecoins; you wouldn’t need cryptocurrencies, if you had a digital US currency,” US Fed Chairman Jerome Powell told a Congressional hearing this July.

He made it clear that the Fed is done letting stablecoins run amok. “We have a tradition in this country where the public’s money is held in what is supposed to be a very safe asset,” Powell said. “That doesn’t exist for stablecoins, and if they’re going to be a significant part of the payments universe… then we need an appropriate framework, which frankly we don’t have.”

Last year, European Commission came out with a regulatory framework proposal for crypto assets and stablecoins. The Financial Stability Board (FSB), an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system, has highlighted the potential of global stablecoins (GSCs). FSB says, “A widely-adopted stablecoin with a potential reach and use across multiple jurisdictions (so-called ‘global stablecoins’ or GSCs) could become systemically important in and across one or many jurisdictions, including as a means of making payments.

But those who back stablecoins say with the established use cases in cross-border payments, settlements and financial inclusion, a global regulatory framework is all that is needed to harness the full potential of stablecoins.



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