In the current uncertain times, when it is being difficult to meet our present needs, to plan for future needs such as for our sunset years, one needs an even more meticulous planning. Now the financial planning which has to be based on 3 aspects, namely term or the horizon we have, quantum of the finance i.e. needed after a certain term as well as the risk appetite, we need to align in a similar way for retirement planning.
PPF or NPS: Which Scores As A Better Retirement Investment Option?
Risk consideration:
So, depending on your age and the degree of risk you can afford to take you can choose out of the 2 investment options i.e. PPF or NPS. Now, PPF or public provident fund is a sovereign backed instrument and no risk. The only drawback here is that it is a long term investment instrument which provides for redemption option during some of the specified exigencies.
Now on the other hand, NPS which can offer a higher return also has a degree of risk attached to it as it is a market linked instrument. In the case of NPS, PFRDA appointed fund managers manage the fund for a fee.
Tax saving:
In the case of NPS, there is offered an additional rebate in tax by investing additional Rs. 50000 under section 80CCD. This is in addition to Rs. 1.5 lakh rebate offered under section 80C. The return that you get on your PPF is completely tax-free, but you can not invest more than Rs 1.5 lakh in any financial year.
So, effectively by investing in this instrument, one can get a rebate of up to Rs. 2 lakh in a year.
Returns:
PPF is a fixed return fetching instrument with current interest rate at 7.1 percent. While NPS which invests into equity and debt and if one opts for the 50:50 option for debt and equity then in the long run while the debt investment shall fetch 8 percent, equity will offer 12 percent. So, the overall return on an average shall be 10%, more than what PPF would fetch given the current rate of 7.1%. So, the NPS instrument can offer 2.9% higher return in comparison to PPF.
Conclusion:
As per experts, one can opt for both or either of thee retirement avenues but needs to have a higher risk profile for considering investment into NPS. Also, should be prepared for a higher lock-in in case of NPS.
So, a person wanting a higher return in comparison to PPF plus who can afford a higher risk can also include NPS in addition to PPF.
GoodReturns.in
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The cryptocurrency market capitalization hit an all-time peak of $2 trillion on Monday, led by gains in Bitcoins, but other crypto assets are catching up fast.
Ethereum, the second-biggest cryptocurrency has gained nearly 190 percent, as against 100 per cent against for Bitcoin.
“We’re now really breaking higher and that will very likely attract buying activity. Ether is gaining in relative strength versus bitcoin,” said Julius de Kempenaer, senior analyst at StockCharts.com.
The digital token for the Ethereum network gained as much as 2.3% to $2,014.
The Ethereum promise
March has a major month for Ethereum, as it reached an all-time high at $46.1 billion in total value locked (TVL) in mid-March.
Visa embraced crypto settlement and chose Ethereum blockchain to conduct them on. Lastly, Ethereum continues to slowly implement changes that will eventually result in its transformation into Ethereum 2.0 — a better, faster, more scalable blockchain, with much cheaper transactions and greater functionalities.
”Momentum and interest have begun to expand beyond bitcoin and ethereum,” said Paolo Ardoino, chief technology officer at crypto exchange Bitfinex. “As the industry continues to mature, we expect more blockchain-based applications to be introduced to the world, and coinciding with that, a surge of interest around other alternative assets… as they become more market-ready,” he added.
Yearly performance
Ethereum has gained a whopping 1,272% during financial year 2020-21. From the $130 level, the digital asset has risen to over $1,828, as on March 31. On the other hand, bitcoin delivered a return of over 800%. From the $6,641 level on 1 April 2020, the price of the digital currency zoomed to an all-time high of $61,711.87 during the year.
Historically speaking, crypto industry often performs very well in April and May, so the next two months have an excellent chance of bringing great price performance.
Both Bitcoin and Ethereum have massively outperformed traditional asset classes, bolstered by the entry of mainstream companies and large investors into the cryptocurrency world, including Tesla Inc and BNY Mellon.
Bitcoin surge
Bitcoin remains strong as it hit its own milestone by holding at a USD 1 trillion market cap for one week. Bitcoin was last up 1.4 percent at USD 59,045. Since hitting a lifetime peak of more than USD 61,000 in mid-March, bitcoin has traded in a relatively narrow range.
Analysts said as long as bitcoin stays above $53,000, it will be able to maintain its $1 trillion market cap. Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency in terms of market cap, was up 1.3 percent at $2,103. Its market cap was $ 244 billion on Monday. It hit a record high of $2,144.99 last Friday.
Blockchain data provider Glassnode, in a research report, said the fact that bitcoin has held the $1 trillion market cap for one week is a ”strong vote of confidence for bitcoin and the cryptocurrency asset class as a whole.”
It added that on-chain activity continues to reinforce bitcoin’s robust position, with a volume equivalent to over 10 percent of circulating supply transacting above the $1 trillion threshold.
Also on Monday, Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, a $35 billion publicly listed investment vehicle that holds bitcoin, said it remains committed to converting to an exchange-traded fund. In a blog post, Grayscale said the timing of its transition would depend on the regulatory environment.
Over the last six months, the gold price has corrected 10% on a 30-day rolling basis, although it has dropped double that amount on an absolute basis.
According to CRISIL Ratings, the recent drop in gold prices is unlikely to have a significant effect on the asset quality of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) that lend against gold. However, Banks that disbursed gold loans aggressively during the previous fiscal year may see an impact on their asset quality.
In addition to receiving interest on a regular basis, NBFCs have ensured that the disbursement loan-to-value (LTV) is held below 75 percent over the past few fiscals. The average portfolio LTV for NBFCs was 63-67 percent as of December 31, 2020, while the average LTV on incremental disbursements in the October-December 2020 quarter was 70 percent. Interest receivables have remained at just 2-4 percent of the loan book over the last few years, demonstrating the LTV discipline.
Banks, on the other hand, had a higher incremental-disbursement LTV of 78-82 percent than NBFCs. Most of their book’s growth occurred in the third quarter of last fiscal year, when gold prices were soaring. In the 11 months through February 2021, Bank loans against gold increased by 70% to over Rs 56,000 crore. Announcement made by Reserve Bank of India (RBI), August 2020 that the LTV limit would be relaxed to 90% (only for banks), contributed to this growth.
Krishnan Sitaraman, Senior Director & Deputy Chief Ratings Officer, CRISIL Ratings, said, “Without periodic interest collections, banks’ books can be vulnerable to asset-quality issues to some degree, given that gold prices have fallen 18-20% from their August peaks on an absolute basis. However, with the LTV dispensation period ending in March 2021, incremental lending would have more LTV cushion.”
Cushion available with lenders in terms of the value of gold provided as collateral relative to the loan outstanding is influenced by LTV and timely interest collection. As a result, reliable risk management systems and timely auctions are critical for mitigating gold price fluctuations and eventual credit loss.
Ajit Velonie, Director, CRISIL Ratings, said, “While gross non-performing assets (GNPA) could rise, ultimate credit cost – a more appropriate indicator of asset quality for gold loans – is not expected to. Although NBFCs’ GNPAs had risen to as high as 7%, credit costs were still low at 10 to 80 basis points. This demonstrates sound business judgement and timely auctions. Given the rapid growth that banks have experienced, tracking LTV, and remaining agile is critical for avoiding possible asset-quality issues.”
Markets Regulator, Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has imposed a penalty of Rs 25 crore on Yes Bank in the case of AT1 bonds. Also, Vivek Kanwar has been fined Rs 1 crore, Ashish Nasa and Jasjit Singh Banga Rs 50 lakh each in this case.
SEBI has issued a 61-page order. In this order, SEBI has ordered this amount to be filled within 45 days.
The order mentions, “SEBI observed that the Noticees had facilitated selling of AT – 1 Bonds of YBL(Yes bank limited) from Institutional Investors to Individual Investors. It was alleged that during the process of selling the AT – 1 Bonds, Individual Investors were not informed about all the risks involved in subscription of AT – 1 Bonds. Therefore, it was alleged that the AT – 1 Bonds were fraudulently sold to the individual investors”
The document added “on account of such misrepresentation and fraud perpetrated on its own customers which lured them and induced them to buy these risky AT – 1 bonds and also induced some of them to alter their position from FDs to these AT1 bonds, such acts have to be viewed seriously. Therefore, I consider a penalty of Rs. 25 Crores(Rupees Twenty – five Crores only) on Yes bank.”
The Employees Pension Scheme (EPF), run by the Employees Provident Fund Organization or EPFO, serves to give pension to organized-category employees. Employees who have been contributing to the EPF for at least ten years are eligible for this scheme. When the applicant hits the age of 58, the scheme begins to generate monthly pensions. The pension contribution in EPF is not covered by employees and employers, unlike the EPF contribution. The EPS pension gets just 8.33 percent of the employers’ share of the 12 percent. Here we will discuss all the rules and eligibility criteria to avail the benefits of the EPF pension scheme.
Eligibility criteria
An individual must meet the following criteria in order to be eligible for benefits under the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS):
He or she must be a member of EPFO
He or she must have completed at least 10 years of service or employment.
He or she must have reached 58 years of age.
Even so, all members of the Miscellaneous Provision Fund, as well as Employee Provident Fund’s beneficiaries, are eligible for the EPF pension scheme.
How to calculate pension uunder EPS?
The monthly pension benefit under the Employees Pension Scheme is determined by the employee’s pensionable salary and pensionable service period. The following formula can be used to calculate the amount.
For pensionable salary: The pensionable salary is the employee’s overall monthly salary for the last 12 months of service. Any non-contributory day in the previous 12 months will not be taken into account, and the amount will be paid to the employee.
Assume that one employee’s monthly salary is Rs 30,000. Because the employer contributes 8.33 percent of this salary to the employee’s EPS fund, the pensionable salary in this case is:
Rs 30,000 x 8.33 / 100 = Rs 2,499 (monthly pension amount), Annual pension amount will be: Rs 2,499 x 12 = Rs 29,988.
If an employee does not start employment on the first of the month, his or her salary for the month will be calculated based on his or her working days rather than 30 days. If someone starts working on the 5th of the month, the salary will be determined for the next 25 days depending on the amount paid per day. That being said, for EPS calculation, the monthly salary will be the salary for the whole month.
For pensionable service: The term “pensionable service” refers to the period an employee has worked. If an individual withdraws from the EPS scheme before serving the required minimum service period, i.e. 10 years, the contribution to the EPS scheme will have to be updated. The member’s actual service period is called pensionable service. While determining the pensionable service period, service periods by various employers are added together. Any time an employee changes the existing job he must receive an EPS Scheme Certificate and submit it to his new employer. It’s important to note that after 20 years of employment, the employee receives an additional 2 years of pensionable service. As six months is the minimum period of pensionable service, it is used to calculate the pensionable service period. The term of pensionable service will be classified as 5 years and 3 months if the service duration is 5 years and 3 months. That being said, if the period exceeds six months, it is considered as a year, so a span of five years and six months or more is classified as six years. Let’s use the previous formula to measure the monthly pension.
Rs 29,988 (annual pensionable salary) x 18 years (years of pensionable service) / 70 = Rs 7,711.2 (monthly EPS pension amount).
Pension benefits under EPS
From the time they start withdrawing their pension, all EPFO members who are eligible will receive pension benefits based on their age. The amount of the pension varies depending on the circumstances which are as follows:
Pension at the age of 58 years: Upon reaching the age of 58, a member is eligible for pension benefits. When he reaches the age of 58, though, he must have served for at least ten years in order to be eligible for pension benefits. An EPS Scheme Certificate is issued, which can be used to fill Form 10D for monthly pension withdrawals.
Pension benefit on leaving employment before being eligible for Monthly Pension: If a member is unable to continue his or her service for ten years until reaching the age of 58, he can withdraw the whole amount by filling out Form 10C at the age of 58; however, he will not receive monthly pension payments until retirement.
Pension on disabled totally and permanently: Regardless of whether or not he has completed the pensionable service duration, an EPFO member who becomes completely and permanently disabled is eligible for a monthly pension. To be eligible for the pension, his employer must deposit funds in his EPS account for at least one month.r From the day of permanent disability, the member is liable for a monthly pension, which is provided for the rest of his or her life.
Pension in case of death of the member: If a member dies while on employment and the employer has deposited funds in his EPS account for at least one month, if the member has served 10 years of employment and dies before reaching 58 years of age, or if the member dies after the monthly pension begins, the member’s family becomes liable for pension payments.
Types of pensions under EPS
Pensions for widows, children, and orphans are among the many forms of pensions available under EPS. Follow the below-listed points to know in brief:
Widow pension: Widow pension is provided to the widow of a pension-eligible member. The pension balance will be paid until the widow’s death or remarriage. If there are multiple widows, the pension will be paid to the oldest widow. The amount of the widow’s pension is determined by the employee’s pension amount. The widow pension has a minimum amount of Rs 1,000.
Child pension: The surviving child of a deceased employee receives a child pension from the Employee Pension Scheme. The overall amount of a child pension that can be issued is 25% of the widow pension. The child will be entitled to the pension until he or she turns 25. It’s important to note that the child pension is calculated in the same way as the widow pension.
Orphan pension: If the employee dies without a surviving widow, the orphan pension becomes eligible to the surviving children. His children will be eligible for a monthly orphan pension of 75% of the monthly widow pension.
Reduced pension: If an employee chooses to withdraw his or her pension before meeting the age of 58, he or she will receive a 4 per cent annually at a reduced rate. When a member of the EPFO has served ten years of service and is between the age of 50 and 58, he or she is qualified for an early pension. Under this situation, the pension amount is reduced by 4% for every year if the pensioner is under the age of 58.
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What to do when the stock market crashes? There are several answers, but it’s important to remember that you’ll need to stay informed about the market and avoid making rash decisions. The stock market is a reflection of the economy. They have the most honest picture of current events in a country. A stock market crash occurs when the decline is abrupt, rapid, and serious. The new pandemic is having a constant effect on our lives. There’s also the lockdown, rising prices, declining income, and market crashes to contend with. A layman would panic if the market crashed, but an investor would see it as a bumper deal with deep discounts on his favourite stocks. The first step is to avoid being emotionally involved in decision-making. It could be unsettling if you are a newbie who has never seen a crash or a downtrend.
Refrain from selling your stocks
When the stock market crashes, people become anxious, and new investors can sell their stocks or stay away from the market altogether. Remember that stocks cannot continue to rise indefinitely, and that crashes are an inevitable part of the process.
Consider buying more
After a stock market crash, the stock market goes on sale, and you can benefit from purchasing more shares. It’s a good idea to buy at regular intervals because you never know where the bottom will be. Purchase stock in successful businesses, sound companies that produce real income, have attractive returns on equity and have some franchise value. These companies rebound more quickly and provide you with decent returns. Stock market crashes provide an excellent opportunity to acquire good companies at a low cost.
Think long term when rebalancing the portfolio
If necessary, make changes to your portfolio and stick to your long-term investment objectives. Instead of selling off your shares when the economy recovers, be in a safe spot. Having a balanced portfolio of growth and stable stocks should benefit. Also, make sure you’re not just invested in the stock market. Make sure your investment portfolio is well-diversified, with a variety of asset groups.
Avoid investments like fixed deposits and bonds
Don’t put any of your money in long-term investments like fixed deposits and bonds. Putting money into them shouldn’t come at the expense of your overall asset allocation. Making no investment decisions or portfolio placements based on current market conditions. The market’s future trajectory may be completely different.
Conclusion
You should be aware that, stock market crashes and corrections are usually only temporary. Do not make investment decisions or place your portfolio based on current market conditions. The market’s future path may be entirely different.
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State Bank of India (SBI) is providing a 0.25 percent car loan concession. Customers of SBI will also get free car accessories worth up to Rs 5,000. Although SBI customers will receive a rebate on their auto loan, only Toyota customers will receive free accessories. In a recent tweet SBI has stated that “Ride your dream car with pride! Book any Toyota Car via YONO SBI and get free accessories upto Rs 5000.”
SBI customers should apply for a car loan through the State Bank of India YONO App to be eligible for the auto loan concession. SBI has tweeted that “Applying through YONO gets you a 0.25% concession on the interest rate.”
SBI customers must log into the State Bank of India YONO app to get the 0.25 percent discount and instant in-principle approval for a car loan. SBI proposes a car loan with an annual interest rate of 7.75 percent. SBI customers, on the other hand, can apply for an auto loan through YONO at a 7.50 percent annual interest rate.
SBI has also recently notified its customers about social manipulation frauds in which scammers are claimed to have generated online fixed deposits (FDs) in customers’ accounts. SBI, the country’s largest lender, posted a Tweet alert and stated that it’s a new kind of cyber crime in which criminals use the victim’s online FD account to steal money. SBI provides regular alerts to its customers, advising them about phishing threats and how to protect themselves from those scams. SBI’s official Twitter account @TheOfficialSBI maintains customers up to date. And on its Twitter account SBI recently tweeted that “We urge our customers not to share their banking details with anyone. Don’t fall for scammers impersonating as SBI, we never ask for personal details like Password/OTP/CVV/Card Number over the phone.”
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RBL Bank provides a variety of Fixed Deposit options to regular citizens and senior citizens, with terms ranging from 7 days to 20 years. For deposits with a maturity period of 7 days to 20 years, FD interest rates vary from 3.5 percent per annum to 6.60 percent per annum. RBL Bank also provides tax-saving FDs with a 5 to 10 year lock-in term. RBL Bank has updated its FD interest rates today, and thus is effective from April 12, 2021.
RBL Bank FD Rates
After the revision, RBL Bank offers 3.25 percent on deposits maturing in 7-14 days, 4.00 percent on deposits maturing in 15-45 days, and 4.50 percent on deposits maturing in 46-90 days. 5.00 percent interest is provided on FDs maturing in 91 days to 180 days, and 5.25 percent interest is provided on deposits maturing in 180 days to 240 days. RBL Bank offers a 5.50 percent interest rate on deposits maturing between 241 and 364 days. RBL Bank offers 6.25 percent interest on long-term deposits for a term of two years or less than three years. RBL Bank pays a 6.40 percent interest rate on FDs maturing in three to five years. On FDs maturing in 60 months to less than 120 months and 120 months to 240 months the bank is currently providing 6.00 interest rate. RBL Bank offers additional rates of 0.50 per cent higher than the rates provided to the general customers. After the update, senior citizens will now get interest rates ranging from 3.75% to 7.10% respectively.
Tenure
Interest rates for general public p.a.
Interest rates for senior citizens p.a.
7 days to 14 days
3.25%
3.75%
15 days to 45 days
4.00%
4.50%
46 days to 90 days
4.50%
5.00%
91 days to 180 days
5.00%
5.50%
181 days to 240 days
5.25%
5.75%
241 days to 364 days
5.50%
6.00%
12 months to less than 24 months
6.25%
6.75%
24 months to less than 36 months
6.25%
6.75%
36 months to less than 60 months
6.40%
6.90%
60 months to 60 months 1 day
6.60%
7.10%
60 months 2 days to less than 120 months
6.00%
6.50%
120 months to 240 months
6.00%
6.50%
Tax Savings Fixed Deposit (60 months)
6.60%
7.10%
W.e.f. April 12, 2021 the above rates are applicable for deposits up to Rs 3 Cr. Source: Bank’s Website
With the implementation of the 7th CPC (Central Pay Commission) in 2016, it was ensured that a central government employee’s minimum wage would not be less than 50% of net salary. The rate of annual increment is being kept at 3%, as recommended by the seventh pay commission. When it comes to calculating a central government servant’s (CGS) monthly salary, the 7th CPC fitment factor comes into effect, which results in salary calculation. Fitment factor was among the most addressed concerns among central government employees following the introduction of the 7th CPC (Central Pay Commission). According to the guidelines of the Seventh Pay Commission, a central government employee’s salary, without allowance, is determined by his or her basic salary and fitment factor.
Fitment Factor
The fitment factor is 2.57, according to the 7th CPC guidelines. Apart from allowances like Dearness Allowance (DA), Travel Allowance (TA), House Rent Allowance (HRA), and so on., a central government employee’s basic salary is calculated by the 7th CPC fitment factor i.e. 2.57. For instance, if a central government employee’s basic salary is Rs 30,000, then his or her basic pay will be Rs 77,100.
A central government employee’s monthly salary, without allowances, is calculated once. There are also multiple allowances such as DA, TA, HRA, medical coverage, among others. It is announced twice a year, once in January and then in July and December. The centre makes an estimation of inflation hike during the first six months of the year and for the next six months of the year before declaring DA. They declare the closest round number as DA hike, which is higher than the average inflation rate. For the duration of July to December 2020, average inflation is currently about 3.5 percent (according to the AICPI). There are also numerous other allowances such as TA, HRA, medical reimbursement, and so on. A central government employee’s monthly salary is calculated by adding all of these allowances and multiplying by the fitment factor and basic salary. A central government employee’s net salary is typically double the basic salary calculated by the fitment factor.
PF and gratuity contribution
Now comes the deductible part, which includes monthly Provident Fund (PF) contributions, gratuity contributions, and so on. Due to the fact that PF and gratuity contributions are added to basic salary and DA. Following the end of all deductibles, the net monthly salary is calculated by subtracting the PF, Gratuity, and other monthly contributions from one’s gross CTC. The monthly take-home salary of a central government employee is determined after this deduction.
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For PSBs, the need to change has become even more relevant as the mergers have expanded their scale and competition from tech-oriented players has only intensified.
Public sector banks (PSBs) have historically lagged their private peers in terms of their adoption of technology and digital systems. That might be changing as a pandemic that refuses to die is forcing every financier to take a hard look at the way they have been doing business.
For PSBs, the need to change has become even more relevant as the mergers have expanded their scale and competition from tech-oriented players has only intensified.
Several large PSBs have in recent months set in motion the process of digitising various functions. Most of these projects are focused on redeploying staff from the more mundane, workflow-driven processes to sales and other productive divisions. In March, State Bank of India (SBI) floated a request-for-proposal (RFP) for redesigning its operating model and implementing new strategies with the use of digital tools in its micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) segment.
Punjab National Bank (PNB) is looking to develop an end-to-end system for ATM reconciliation and redressal of customer complaints. Union Bank of India (UBI) wants to smoothen out the entire recovery function with a software-based solution that will automate the workflow for recovery proceedings, including those which involve tribunals
Bank of Baroda (BoB) was among the first PSBs to envisage a wholly revamped and digitally-driven operational model last year. It has appointed consulting firm McKinsey to develop the model, which even includes a permanent work-from-home (WFH) adjustment. Sameer Narang, chief economist, BoB, said that banks have a huge customer base and can build sophisticated models based on demographic and transactional data of customers. The analytical model-driven approach typically offers the customer a better deal than would be available otherwise. “Another way to look at it is as a retention strategy wherein banks offer their customers pre-approved limits on certain financial products or services such as personal loans or vehicle loans which will otherwise be offered by competition,” he said.
PSBs are now more cognisant of the need to increase efficiency as a strategy. Nitesh Ranjan, executive director, UBI, said that the bank has a large number of accounts in the retail and MSME categories, where managing recovery in the physical mode is very difficult, especially things like keeping track of Sarfaesi proceedings and DRT hearings. “We have also developed an internal recovery app, where there is geo-tagging of properties attached to a particular loan,” Ranjan said, adding that the pandemic has pushed the digital drive which UBI was already considering. “This is a part of the overall digital strategy of the bank that includes straight-through processing of retail and MSME loans,” Ranjan observed.
In a note dated April 9, ICICI Securities said that the digitisation drive at Indian banks is in line with global trends. It cited a global study that shows that retail banks which digitise their customer journey see a 520% boost in revenues, 15-35% cost reduction, and a 10-15% rise in customer satisfaction.
PSBs had a large customer base even before the mergers took place over the last few years, but the expansion in that base helps justify the cost of digitisation. The fixed cost of digitisation can be spread over an even larger number of customers thus bringing down per unit cost. There are economies of scale in such investments, BoB’s Narang said.
PSBs are recognising the challenge from their competitors, which now includes not just private lenders, but also payment companies, fintechs and even global technology majors. “We are competing with players which are highly tech-oriented, so there’s no reason why banks shouldn’t be more technology oriented themselves,” Narang added.
Avisha Gupta, partner, L&L Partners, said that PSBs are now entering the next phase of digitisation (after payments) through implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in credit assessment and operations monitoring. “As part of this phase, on-scale adoption of the digital regulatory initiatives like the account aggregator framework, will provide significant impetus to MSME lending outreach of PSBs by enabling access to consented alternative data,” she said.
The correct use of data and digitisation increases not only better access to funds by borrowers but also facilitates better lending decisions and profitability for lenders. As MSME lending is a priority sector, digitisation of systems and processes will in the long run facilitate profitable lending, said Vidisha Krishan, partner, MV Kini Law Firm.
7th Pay Commission: Here’s How Your PF Contribution May Change From July
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