RBI data, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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MUMBAI: The Reserve Bank of India’s ‘One Nation, One Ombudsman’ scheme is part of its strategy to address customer complaints, which have doubled in the wake of a surge in banking transactions due to increased digital adoption. According to RBI data, with increased awareness, digital penetration and financial inclusion, the number of complaints against various regulated entities more than doubled from 1.6 lakh in FY18 to 3.3 lakh FY20.

The integrated ombudsman scheme will be launched by the Prime Minister on Friday along with the scheme for retail participation in the primary auction of government securities. Under the retail G-Secs scheme, individual investors can access the online portal to open a securities account with the RBI, bid in primary auctions and buy & sell securities in the market. No fee will be charged for any of the services provided under the scheme.

The integrated scheme allows customers to file their complaints from anywhere at any time through portal/ email, or through physical mode at one point of receipt, without the need to identify any specific ombudsman or scheme. It will do away with the jurisdictional limitations as well as limited grounds for complaints. The RBI will provide a single reference point for the customers to submit documents, track the status of complaints filed and provide feedback. The complaints that are not covered under the ombudsman scheme will continue to be attended to by the regional offices of the RBI.

The integrated ombudsman scheme is based on a review of internal grievance redressal of banks and other regulated entities.



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Suryoday Small Finance Bank reports net loss of Rs 1.9 crore for quarter ended September, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Suryoday Small Finance Bank made a net loss of Rs 1.9 crore for the quarter ending September 30, as compared with Rs 27.2 crore net profit in the year ago period, owing higher credit cost following the pandemic-led stress on its borrowers.

This is the bank’s second consecutive quarterly loss after Rs 47.7 crore loss in the June quarter.

Its operating profit rose 62% at Rs 82.8 crore against Rs 51.1 crore over the same period. Its net interest income at 147 crore reflects a 34% rise, primarily on account of rise in gross advances over the period and lower cost of funds, the bank said in a regulatory filing to stock exchanges.

But a 6.6-fold higher provisions to cover bad loans and others led to the loss.

Its asset quality deteriorated with gross non-performing assets ratio rising to 10.2% at the end of September compared with 9.5% at the end of June. Net NPA remained flat 4.5%. Provision coverage ratio stood a tad higher at 71.2%.

The bank restructured loans to the tune of Rs 794 crore, which was 17.7% of gross loans, which grew 21% year-on-year to Rs 4470 crore.



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Suryoday Small Finance Bank reports net loss of Rs 1.9 crore for quarter ended September, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Suryoday Small Finance Bank made a net loss of Rs 1.9 crore for the quarter ending September 30, as compared with Rs 27.2 crore net profit in the year ago period, owing higher credit cost following the pandemic-led stress on its borrowers.

This is the bank’s second consecutive quarterly loss after Rs 47.7 crore loss in the June quarter.

Its operating profit rose 62% at Rs 82.8 crore against Rs 51.1 crore over the same period. Its net interest income at 147 crore reflects a 34% rise, primarily on account of rise in gross advances over the period and lower cost of funds, the bank said in a regulatory filing to stock exchanges.

But a 6.6-fold higher provisions to cover bad loans and others led to the loss.

Its asset quality deteriorated with gross non-performing assets ratio rising to 10.2% at the end of September compared with 9.5% at the end of June. Net NPA remained flat 4.5%. Provision coverage ratio stood a tad higher at 71.2%.

The bank restructured loans to the tune of Rs 794 crore, which was 17.7% of gross loans, which grew 21% year-on-year to Rs 4470 crore.



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Banks want more provisions included as statutory capital, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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Banks have urged the sector regulator, Reserve Bank of India, to relax norms and allow more of the provision made towards unidentified losses to be reckoned as statutory capital.

At present, because of the regulatory cap, only provisions to the extent of 1.25% of the credit risk weighted assets are considered as tier II capital. If rules are relaxed, more funds can be freed up and made available for banks at a time when recovery is firming up and credit is expected to pick up.

On Wednesday, in its monthly economic report, the finance ministry said India is on its way to becoming the fastest growing major economy in the world and forecast a strong possibility of faster credit growth.
“There is a uniform view among banks that due to increased provision burden, the regulatory cap of 1.25% can be removed. We have also approached RBI to either remove the cap or increase eligible percentage so banks will benefit from the additional provisions made by them,” said an executive aware of developments.

As per RBI’s July 2015 circular on Basel III Capital Regulations -Elements of Tier II Capital for Indian Banks, under “General Provisions and Loss Reserves”, provisions held for currently unidentified losses, which are freely available to meet losses that subsequently materialise, will qualify for inclusion under tier
II capital. Accordingly, the general provisions on standard assets qualify for inclusion in tier II capital.

“With expected increase in standard assets provision on account of restructuring of stressed accounts under Covid-19 dispensations, ranging from 5% to 15%, substantial amount of provisions made will not be qualifying as tier II capital because of the cap,” said another bank executive, explaining the demand for removal of the cap on amount of provision reckoned as tier II capital.

Last month in a report, rating agency Crisil had said that gross non-performing assets (NPAs) of banks are expected to rise to 8-9% this fiscal from 7.5% as on March 31, but below the peak of 11.2% seen at the end of fiscal 2018.

“With 2% of bank credit expected under restructuring by the end of this fiscal, stressed assets – comprising gross NPAs and loan book under restructuring – should touch 10-11%,” it had noted in its report.



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Millennials on the fence about cryptocurrency. Is the risk worth it? Here’s what they think, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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– Anushka Sengupta

Swapnil Ganguly, a 24-year-old software development engineer at Amazon, said he will not invest in cryptocurrency.

“I would rather invest in the share market. No action can be taken as well because cryptocurrency is not regulated in India. It’s too risky,” Ganguly said.

Swapnil Ganguly

Contrary to popular belief of millennials having a larger risk appetite, ETBFSI has found that they seek security in their investments.

“My friend was recently scammed by a crypto trader. These people steal our money by giving false crypto tokens at a cheaper rate. You realise they are fake only when you sell those tokens for cash,” Ganguly said, soured by the incident.

This holds true even for the risk-takers. These millennials also want cryptocurrency to be regulated, and expect it to be one of the most-opted investment options.

Shreyashi Haldar
Shreyashi Haldar

“I think all investments carry some risks, crypto leading the list, but we have a larger risk appetite. I have also invested in cryptocurrency, but I would prefer it if the government regulates it, so that the privacy concerns are addressed. With talks of a central bank digital currency, I feel crypto can become very significant,” said Shreyashi Haldar, a final year MBA student at NIBM Pune.

Apart from security, some also expressed concerns about the affordability of crypto tokens. Some risk-taker millennials, who want to invest in cryptocurrency, said that they fall short of funds to invest in the secure ones, like Bitcoin, which use the proof of work or proof of stake validation techniques.

Shiba Inu
Shiba Inu

“Popular and secure cryptos like Bitcoin, Shiba Inu, Dogecoin, Ethereum, etc come with less risk at a very high price. Those who are looking for short term investments like me can’t afford these. I invested in XRP through Ripple, which is a cheaper option, but I did not gain much out of it,” said Mahesh Vishnoi, a customer associate at Tech Mahindra.

Cheaper cryptocurrencies do not use such systems, leading to the possibility of theft and fraudulent transactions.

Cryptocurrency is not regulated in India yet. As recently as Wednesday, Shaktikanta Das, governor of Reserve Bank of India, reiterated the risks of cryptocurrency, and said that the numbers, in terms of adoption rate and investments, were exaggerated. The government is also expected to table a Bill on cryptocurrency in the Winter Session of the Parliament, starting Nov 29.

For more stories on cryptocurrency, click here.



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JP Morgan, BFSI News, ET BFSI

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A full-scale, multiple central bank digital currency (mCBDC) network could potentially save global corporations up to $100 billion in transaction costs annually, according to a joint research report from Oliver Wyman and JPMorgan.

The report estimates that of the nearly $24 trillion in wholesale payments that moved across borders via the correspondent banking network each year, global companies incur more than $120 billion in total transaction costs. This excludes potential hidden costs in trapped liquidity and delayed settlements. “The case for CBDCs to address pain points in cross-border payments is very compelling. The bulk of today’s wholesale cross-border payments process remains suboptimal due to multiple intermediaries between the sending and receiving banks, often resulting in high transaction costs, long settlement times, and lack of transparency on the status of the payments,” said Jason Ekberg, partner, corporate and institutional banking at Oliver Wyman.

Critical elements

The research specifically outlines four critical elements required for mCBDC implementation, which include (i) the building blocks, from minting and redeeming of CBDCs to FX conversion and settlement; (ii) the roles and responsibilities of central banks, commercial banks, and service providers; (iii) the key design considerations covering data, technology, privacy, and credit extension; and (iv) the governance framework.

Naveen Mallela, global head of coin systems at Onyx, said: “Central banks around the world who are at various stages of CBDC development are considering how to build an infrastructure where systems operate and work together with the necessary controls in place. In this report, we put forward robust design considerations for a successful mCBDC network and demonstrate how it can be practically implemented, using ASEAN corridors as an example.”

Opportunities for participants

Acknowledging that a mCBDC network challenges traditional correspondent banking systems, the report cites opportunities for participants – commercial banks, payment operators, market makers and liquidity providers – to add new capabilities, and welcomes new stakeholders like technology providers and other third-party service providers.

“The development of CBDCs brings new tangible opportunities such as subscription-based mCBDC corridor access or smart contract-enabled cash management services. The ability to pivot effectively and quickly is key, and ultimately we aspire for a cross-border payments system that is transparent, inclusive and efficient for all parties across central banks, corporates, and commercial banks,” Mallela said.



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Healthy collections, focus on reducing stressed asset flow will aid asset quality in H2FY22: Carol Furtado, COO, Ujjivan Small Finance Bank

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Also, the aspiring middle class [is] an area we will be focusing on, and we have various segments like senior citizens, small traders, and manufacturers, so we will be introducing value-added products for these segments.

By Piyush Shukla

Ujjivan Small Finance Bank is likely to witness an improvement in the asset quality in the second half of the current fiscal on the back of overall healthy collections and higher focus on reducing flow of stressed loans towards NPA category, Carol Furtado, chief operating officer, Ujjivan Small Finance Bank, tells Piyush Shukla. Excerpts:

Your disbursements in July-September rose sharply, but overall gross advances grew 5% to Rs 14,514 crore. What is your credit growth outlook?

The economy has opened, and all our business verticals are doing well. We had given a growth guidance of 15-20% or so sometime in August; we are keeping up to it. Since the economy has opened, we are aiming to get all our business lines to contribute well, and September and October have been good months for us. We hope to see even double the growth in November. [We are doing quite well in our] 100 days’ plan, where rebuilding our business momentum was one of our key focus areas … and disbursements in the second quarter (Q2FY22) have improved to Rs 3,000-plus crore, which is around 114% growth year-on-year and around 138% quarter-on-quarter. So improvement is across all business verticals.

Are there any new loan products in the pipeline?

Yes, this year … we will also be launching products like the ECLGS (Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme), CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises), the MSE (micro and small enterprises) segment and GST-based working capital finance and some products in the healthcare segment. On the personal loan side, we will be expanding it to balance transfer, pre-approved loans and pre-approved digital products. So those will be the kind of new products that we will be launching. But our focus is on core, and some of the other products that we are incubating we will continue to do so and maybe in the next financial year we will take it up for review.

Your retail deposits account for 52% of the overall book. Where do you think its share will be at the end of the current financial year?

We will go more granular in our retail liabilities strategy and that should serve two purposes: stickiness and low cost. We are more focused on delivering value to the customers in the form of customer service and products that will be the need for each segment, and we want to gain customer loyalty in this segment so that is where our focus is. Also, the aspiring middle class [is] an area we will be focusing on, and we have various segments like senior citizens, small traders, and manufacturers, so we will be introducing value-added products for these segments.

As you move gradually towards non-micro finance loans, till when will you be able to maintain net interest margin (NIM) at 8.1%?

NIMs are currently subdued as GNPA are high. Actual yields in businesses are intact. Over the next few years, with change in business mix, there will be some reduction in overall yield. However, current NIMs are not comparable due to derecognition of interest income on GNPA pool of 11.8%.

You spoke about higher bad loans. Do you think that GNPAs have peaked at 11.8% and what is your view on asset quality in FY22?

Collections have picked up well. We are focused on reducing PAR (portfolio at risk) flow to higher buckets, collections from restructured and NPA pool, further increasing overall collections. With this context, we believe things in H2 (Oct-March) would be better on the credit quality front.

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Reserve Bank of India – Press Releases

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The Government of India announces the conversion/switch of its securities through auction for an aggregate amount of ₹30,000 crore (face value). The security-wise details of the conversion/switch are given as under:

Date of Auction Source Securities Amount (FV) of Source Securities Destination Securities
November 15, 2021 5.09% GS 2022
(Maturing on Apr 13, 2022)
₹4,000 crore FRB 2031
(maturing on Dec 07, 2031)
₹4,000 crore FRB 2034
(maturing on Oct 30, 2034)
8.35% GS 2022
(Maturing on May 14, 2022)
₹4,000 crore 7.57% GS 2033
(maturing on Jun17, 2033)
8.15% GS 2022
(Maturing on June 11, 2022)
₹8,000 crore 7.57% GS 2033
(maturing on Jun17, 2033)
8.13% GS 2022
(Maturing on Sep 21, 2022)
₹4,000 crore FRB 2031
(maturing on Dec 07, 2031)
₹6,000 crore FRB 2034
(maturing on Oct 30, 2034)
  Total ₹30,000 crore  

The market participants are required to place their bids in e-Kuber giving the amount of the source security and the price of the source and destination security expressed up to two decimal places.

The auction would be a multiple-price based auction, i.e. successful bids will get accepted at their respective quoted prices for the source and destination securities.

Bids for the auction should be submitted in electronic format on the Reserve Bank of India Core Banking Solution (e-Kuber) system on November 15, 2021 (Monday) between 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM. The result of the auction will be announced on the same day and settlement will take place on November 16, 2021 (Tuesday).

Government of India reserves the right to:

  • Accept offers for less than the notified amount.

  • Purchase marginally higher than the notified amount due to rounding-off effect.

  • Accept or reject any or all the offers either wholly or partially without assigning any reason.

Operational guidelines for switch transactions and other details are given in the Annex.

(Yogesh Dayal)     
Chief General Manager

Press Release: 2021-2022/1179


Annex

Operational Guidelines for Switch/Conversion Transactions with the Government of India

Switch module on e-kuber

1. The market participants can bid in the switch auction through the Switch Transaction module provided in the e-kuber portal.

Bidding in a switch transaction

2. Bidding in the auction implies that the market participants agree to sell the source security/ies to the Government of India (GoI) and simultaneously agree to buy the destination security from the GoI at their respective quoted prices.

Placing of bids

3. Each bid should specify the following details:

  1. Amount of the source security (Face Value) that the participants are willing to sell.

  2. Price of the source security (expressed up to two decimal places).

  3. Choice of destination security and the price of the destination security (expressed up to two decimal places), at which the participants are willing to buy the destination security.

4. The participants can choose to bid for any/all the destination security/ies, but the aggregate amount of bids for the source security should not exceed their holdings of the source security in face value terms.

Minimum Bid size

5. Minimum bid size would be ₹10,000 and in multiples of ₹10,000 thereafter. The participants are allowed to submit multiple bids. However, the aggregate amount of bids submitted should not exceed the notified amount of source security/basket of source securities in the auction.

Price of source security

6. The price of the source security quoted must be equal to the FBIL closing price of the source security as on the previous working day.

7. Bids for source security not as per the price mentioned above will be rejected.

Price of destination security

8. Bids for the destination security may be placed after taking into account the price of source security as mentioned above.

Method of auction

9. The auction will be a multiple-price based auction, i.e. successful bids will get accepted at their respective quoted prices for the source and destination securities.

Auction decision

10. The auction cut-off will be decided based on the price of the destination security/ies.

11. Successful bidders are those who have placed their bids at or above the cut-off price. All bids lower than the cut-off price will be rejected.

12. There will be provision of pro-rata allotment, should there be more than one successful bid at the cut-off price.

Amount of destination security and dealing in odd amounts during switch auction

13. The switch ratio, which is the ratio of the price of the source security to the price of the destination security, would be rounded off at 8 decimal places.

14. The amount of destination security to be issued for each successful bid will be computed by multiplying the allotted amount (FV) of the source security with the rounded-off switch ratio. The amount of destination security (FV) would be rounded-off to the nearest lower value in multiples of ₹10,000.

15. The odd amount of destination securities (less than ₹10,000) which has been rounded-off, would be notionally allotted and bought back from the bidders at the quoted bid price of the destination security. The net cash consideration to be paid to the bidder for such odd amounts would be the clean price of these securities (as the accrued interest received during notional allotment and paid during notional buyback offset each other).

Fund settlement

16. Though the conversion would be broadly cash neutral, there will be fund settlement for the net accrued interest (accrued interest for the source security FV – accrued interest for the destination security FV) for each bid. Cash consideration (due to rounding-off of face value of destination security) computed for each bid would be added to the net accrued interest. Accordingly, fund settlement will be done for the final amount (Net accrued interest + cash consideration) for each bid.

Note: An illustration for the calculation of cash consideration due to rounding-off of destination security face value is as given below:

Amount of Source Security (FV) ₹10,00,00,000.00
Price of Source Security ₹97.50
Price of Destination Security ₹99.20
Switch Ratio (rounded-off at 8 decimals) 0.98286290
Destination Security FV before rounding off ₹9,82,86,290.00
Destination Security FV re-issued after rounding-off ₹9,82,80,000.00
Odd amount of rounded-off destination security (FV) ₹6290.00
Cash consideration due to rounding off (Clean Price calculated at the quoted price of destination security) ₹6240.00

17. The settlement of the auction would be held on T+1 basis.

Help Desk

18. In case of technical difficulties, Core Banking Operations Team should be contacted (email; Phone no: 022-27595415, 27595666, 27523516). For other auction related difficulties, IDMD auction team can be contacted (email; Phone no: 022-22702431, 22705125).

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Reserve Bank of India – Press Releases

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The Reserve Bank of India (RBl) has imposed, by an order dated November 11, 2021, a monetary penalty of ₹25,000 thousand (Rupees Twenty Five Thousand only) on The Deola Merchants’ Co-operative Bank Ltd., Nashik, Maharashtra (the bank) for contravention of/ non-compliance with the directions issued by the RBI to Urban Co-operative Banks on Board of Directors and Exposure Norms. This penalty has been imposed in exercise of powers vested in RBI under the provisions of Section 47 A (1) (c) read with Section 46 (4) (i) and Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, taking into account the failure of the bank to adhere to the aforesaid directions issued by RBI.

This action is based on deficiencies in regulatory compliance and is not intended to pronounce upon the validity of any transaction or agreement entered into by the bank with its customers.

Background

The inspection report of the bank based on its financial position as on March 31, 2019, revealed, inter alia, that the bank had granted CC loan to a relative of one of its directors in contravention of/ non-compliance with directions issued by RBI to Urban Cooperative Banks on Board of Directors and Exposure Norms. Based on the same, a Notice was issued to the bank advising it to show cause as to why penalty should not be imposed for non-compliance with the directions.

After considering the bank’s reply and oral submissions made during the personal hearing, RBI came to the conclusion that the aforesaid charge of non-compliance with RBI directions was substantiated and warranted imposition of monetary penalty.

(Yogesh Dayal)     
Chief General Manager

Press Release: 2021-2022/1178

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Reserve Bank of India – Notifications

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RBI/2021-2022/123
DOR.SOG (SPE).REC.No 67/13.03.00/2021-22

November 11, 2021

All Scheduled Commercial Banks (including Regional Rural Banks)
All Small Finance Banks
All Local Area Banks
All Payment Banks
All Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks/ DCCBs /State Cooperative Banks

Dear Sir / Madam,

Foreign Currency (Non-resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme [FCNR(B)] – Master Direction on Interest Rate on Deposits

Please refer to the instructions on the Foreign Currency (Non-resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme contained in Section 19 of the Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2016 dated March 03, 2016 and Section 18 of the Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Co-operative Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2016 dated May 12, 2016.

2. In view of the impending discontinuance of LIBOR as a benchmark rate, it has been decided to permit banks to offer interest rates on FCNR (B) deposits using widely accepted ‘Overnight Alternative Reference Rate (ARR) for the respective currency’ with upward revision in the interest rates ceiling by 50 bps.

3. As a measure to handle the information asymmetry during the transition, FEDAI may publish the ARR till such time the widely accepted benchmark is established. The relevant sections of the Master Directions as amended are indicated in the Annex.

4. All other instructions in this regard shall remain unchanged.

Yours faithfully,

(Neeraj Nigam)
Chief General Manager-in-Charge
Encl: As above


ANNEX

[Encl. to circular DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.No 67/13.03.00/2021-22 dated Nov 11, 2021]

Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2016

Section of MD Existing Provisions Amended Provisions
19(d) Interest on floating rate deposits shall be paid within the ceiling of swap rates for the respective currency/ maturity and in case of fixed rate deposits, interest shall be paid within the ceiling of LIBOR rates for the respective currency/ maturity. Interest on floating rate deposits shall be paid within the ceiling of swap rates for the respective currency/ maturity and in case of fixed rate deposits, interest shall be paid within the ceiling of Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency/ maturity.
19(f) The LIBOR/SWAP rates as on the last working day of the preceding month shall form the base for fixing ceiling rates for the interest rates offered effective in the following month. The Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency /SWAP rates as on the last working day of the preceding month shall form the base for fixing ceiling rates for the interest rates offered effective in the following month.
19(g) The interest rates ceiling on FCNR (B) deposits shall be as under:

Period of deposit Ceiling rate
1 year to less than 3 years LIBOR/ Swap plus 200 basis points
3 years and above up to and including 5 years LIBOR/ Swap plus 300 basis points
The interest rates ceiling on FCNR (B) deposits shall be as under:

Period of deposit Ceiling rate
1 year to less than 3 years Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap plus 250 basis points
3 years and above up to and including 5 years Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap plus 350 basis points
19(h) The LIBOR / Swap rates quoted/displayed by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) shall be used as the reference for arriving at the interest rates on FCNR(B) deposits. The Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap rates quoted/displayed by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) shall be used as the reference for arriving at the interest rates on FCNR (B) deposits.

Master Direction – Reserve Bank of India (Co-operative Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2016

Section of MD Existing Provisions Amended Provisions
18(d) Interest on floating rate deposits shall be paid within the ceiling of swap rates for the respective currency/ maturity and in case of fixed rate deposits, interest shall be paid within the ceiling of LIBOR rates for the respective currency/ maturity. Interest on floating rate deposits shall be paid within the ceiling of swap rates for the respective currency/ maturity and in case of fixed rate deposits, interest shall be paid within the ceiling of Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency/ maturity.
18(f) The LIBOR/SWAP rates as on the last working day of the preceding month shall form the base for fixing ceiling rates for the interest rates offered effective in the following month. The Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency /SWAP rates as on the last working day of the preceding month shall form the base for fixing ceiling rates for the interest rates offered effective in the following month.
18(g) The interest rates ceiling on FCNR (B) deposits shall be as under:

Period of deposit Ceiling rate
1 year to less than 3 years LIBOR/ Swap plus 200 basis points
3 years and above up to and including 5 years LIBOR/ Swap plus 300 basis points
The interest rates ceiling on FCNR (B) deposits shall be as under:

Period of deposit Ceiling rate
1 year to less than 3 years Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap plus 250 basis points
3 years and above up to and including 5 years Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap plus 350 basis points
18(h) The LIBOR / Swap rates quoted/displayed by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) shall be used as the reference for arriving at the interest rates on FCNR(B) deposits. The Overnight Alternative Reference Rate* for the respective currency / Swap rates quoted/displayed by Foreign Exchange Dealers Association of India (FEDAI) shall be used as the reference for arriving at the interest rates on FCNR (B) deposits.

*Alternative Reference Rate (ARR) refers to any widely accepted ARR for the respective currency (Ref: RBI circular CO.FMRD.DIRD.S39/14.02.001/2021-22 dated July 08, 2021 on ‘Roadmap for LIBOR Transition’).

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