T Rabi Sankar appointed RBI Deputy Governor

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The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment of T Rabi Sankar, Executive Director, RBI, as Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for a period of three years.

He succeeds B P Kanungo, who retired on April 2.

A monetary policy for the pandemic times

Currently, Rabi Sankar is in charge of Fintech, department of IT, RTI, risk monitoring, department of payment and settlement systems. The RBI has in all four Deputy Governors.

The other three serving Deputy Governors are Mahesh Kumar Jain, Michael Patra and M Rajeshwar Rao.

Expect RBI to go in for policy normalisation in second half of FY’22: UBS Securities

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Tax Query: How to close HUF account with the I-T Department

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My friend is having an HUF account. Till 2016 he had business income in HUF. He has two sons and a spouse. Both sons are not interested in continuing the business, hence he wants to close his HUF account with the bank as well as the income tax department. Request your advice on how to close HUF account with the income tax department.

Pravin Shah

Hindu Undivided Family (‘HUF’) is dissolved only on the partition of property between the members. It is important to note that as per the provisions of section 171(9) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (‘the Act’), partial partition of HUF is not recognised. Under the provisions of Act, partition means ‘full partition’.

For the purpose of dissolution of the HUF, your friend will need to draw up a deed of full partition and get the same registered. Once the partition of HUF is complete, it will cease to exist.

Till the date of such dissolution, the HUF shall be assessed in its capacity as a HUF and the return of income for such period should be filed by your friend. Also, your friend may make an application for surrender of PAN of HUF with the jurisdictional assessing officer by submitting a request in this regard after the partition of the HUF and related compliances (like filing of return) are complete.

In one of answers to a query earlier, you had stated that in view of the amendment to Sec. 55 of the Income tax Act, where the property is purchased before April 1, 2001, the fair market valuation as per the valuation by a registered valuer as at April 1, 2001 would be considered the cost of acquisition, which has been capped from April 1, 2021 at the stamp duty value, wherever available. A search on the site of the Inspector General of Valuation of Registration, Tamil Nadu reveals that fair valuation as revised from 9.6.2017 is available only from April 1, 2002. The site states that the information provided online is updated and no physical visit is required for services provided online. Do we then assume that since the stamp duty value is not available as on April 1, 2021, the fair market valuation by the valuer could be considered as the cost of acquisition for property sale in Chennai ?

Murli Krishnamurthy

As per the provisions of section 55(2)(b)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (‘the Act’), in case of a property purchased before April 1, 2001, the cost of acquisition shall be considered as any of the following at the option of the assessee:

– the fair market value (‘FMV’) of the property as on April 1, 2001; or

– the actual cost of acquisition of the property.

As per amendment made vide Finance Act, 2020, in case of a capital asset being land or building or both, the FMV of such asset (as on April 1, 2001) for the purpose of section 55, shall not exceed the stamp duty value (‘SDV’), wherever available, as on April 1, 2001.

In the instant case, I understand that SDV as on April 1, 2001 is not available for the subject property. In such scenario, you may consider FMV as on April 1, 2001 as the cost of acquisition of the property for the purpose of section 55 of the Act.

The writer is a practising chartered accountant

Send your queries to taxtalk@thehindu.co.in

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How to retire early without spoiling family’s dreams

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Raghavan, aged 49, and Saraswathi, aged 42, wanted to draft their retirement readiness plan. Raghavan, after a busy corporate life, felt it was time to quit and spend time with family. His daughter Anu (18) had just joined college and son Venkat (16) was in ninth standard.

The accompanying table (Assets) shows his net worth.

His investment assets are ₹5.53 crore. Also, he holds 75 sovereigns of physical gold. Raghavan has been a balanced risk taker over the years. He understands the volatility of equity investments and stayed put over the years to generate reasonable returns from his investment portfolio. He has now exited all his direct equity investments and stuck to mutual funds over the years. He has a sound investment portfolio built over the years, with regular investing.

Family history suggested that the life expectancy number for him and his wife would be 100 years. His family has maintained a modest lifestyle with monthly expense of ₹45,000 per month excluding children’s education expenses.

Goals

Firstly, he needs to maintain one-year expenses as emergency fund in fixed deposits.

Secondly, Anu needs ₹6 lakh towards her college education for the next two years, which is to be maintained as fixed deposits/liquid funds. Also, Anu’s PG needs funding.

Anu’s marriage expenses are estimated to be ₹35 lakh. Anu’s gold gift needs will be met from Raghvan’s current holding of physical gold.

Similar planning for Venkat is also required.

The family needs ₹2.7 crore to manage expenses of ₹50,000 per month for a period of 58 years, till Saraswathi attains 100 years of age.Expected return assumed to be at 8 per cent CAGR.

We suggested they add ₹5,000 per month towards any medical need as additional retirement fund. This may be needed to support any prescription costs, medical helper costs over the years.

It was also suggested that Raghavan keep some corpus towards his property maintenance. His independent house may need reconstruction/renovation as the years pass by.

All his goals are seen in the accompanying table.

Final thoughts

Raghavan is very well positioned to opt for immediate retirement with his modest lifestyle. With the current allocation of 49:51 in equity:debt, he can fund most of his goals without any compromise.

We arrived at a total cost of all his goals to be Rs 6.52 crore. His financial assets are worth Rs 5.53 crore. With long-term equity exposure to goals such as retirement health fund, post retirement vacation fund and property maintenance fund, this corpus is sufficient for him to retire immediately.

Mathematically, for a financial planner, saying ‘yes’ to retirement-ready status to a client is easier.

But there are other behavioural aspects to a peaceful and comfortable retirement. Having worked for more than 25 years with dedication, he was prudent and disciplined while saving for retirement. But he never really bothered to spend time with family or enjoy vacations which have become more important for him now.

This is likely to increase spending in the initial years of his retired life. So, it was advised to look out for regular earning opportunity.

This is basically to protect oneself against unexpected change in financial assumptions such as interest rate, inflation and other surprises such as health needs and lifestyle expenses.

When it comes to retirement readiness, it is always better to exceed the planned corpus by substituting with regular income or allocating additional corpus called ‘retirement fall back fund’.

Hence it was advised that Raghvan take logically sound decisions on spending in the first five years post retirement.

The writer, Co-founder of Chamomile Investment Consultants in Chennai, is an investment advisor registered with SEBI

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Reflecting the wide spread of Covid, insurers report a surge in claims from rural regions, too

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Health insurers are reporting a flood of Covid-related claims from across the country, including rural regions, reflecting the spread of the pandemic.

Rapid rise

Till last month, Covid claims had been mainly from urban areas of Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradhesh, Chhattisgarh, and Bihar as also some from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

“However, we now see a surge in claims from rural areas, too, in line with the rapid surge of the Covid-19 pandemic across regions,” Sanjay Datta, Chief-Underwriting, Claims and Reinsurance, ICICI Lombard GIC, told BusinessLine.

Health insurers have been seeing a jump in the cashless treatment claims relating to Covid-19 cases, Datta said. The government and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India recently told all hospitals not to deny cashless treatment for those eligible under their insurance plan. “Going by the current trend of rising cases, we need to wait and see how the claims scenario will be during this fiscal,” Datta said.

“We have paid Covid-19 claims to 14,500 customers. In 2020, it was around 10,000 in eight months, whereas in 2021, we have witnessed 4,500 claims in just three months,” said Bhabatosh Mishra, Director Underwriting, Products and Claims, Max Bupa.

The average claim size is at about ₹1.4 lakh but there are instances of claims going as high as ₹30 lakh depending on the insurance policy. The industry estimates the total Covid-19 claims payout from the start of the pandemic at ₹15,000 crore.

Demand for cover up

The demand for health insurance, in general, and Covid-cover, in particular, has been going up again. “The second wave of Covid is spreading at a faster rate, which has led to a significant increase in the demand for health insurance policies,” said the top executive of a private health insurer.

According to Datta, many of those who had taken Covid-specific standard cover under ‘Corona Kavach’ have been renewing it, even as fresh demand from new customers is emerging. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India recently extended the deadline for sale/renewal of standard Covid-specific policies by six more months in view of the resurgence of the pandemic.

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Max LifeSmart Secure Plus: Should you go for this multiple-frills policy?

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Max Life Insurance recently launched Smart Secure Plus Plan, a non-linked, non-participating, term life policy. While the loss of a family member is hard to cope with, a term cover can offer financial support to the surviving members. Max Life’s new plan, in addition to providing a risk cover, comes with multiple frills and riders. Should you go for this plan?

Basics

The policy is available for those from 18 to 65 years of age, with minimum sum assured (SA) of ₹20 lakh (minimum SA for joint life is ₹10 lakh). It provides cover up to 85 years of age. The policy offers different premium payment term options — 5, 10, 12, 15 years, and one where you can pay premium till 60 years. Apart from this, regular pay option (where you can pay premium till the end of the policy term) and single premium payment option, too, are available.

Unlike most policies in the market where the policyholder chooses the pay-out (death benefit) for the nominee, Smart Secure Plus allows the nominee to select from three pay-out options — lump sum payment or monthly pay-out or part lump sum and part monthly pay-out. In addition to the death benefit, the policy provides coverage against diagnosis of terminal illness (pay-out subject to maximum of ₹1 crore), post which the policy terminates.

Similar to most term plans, this policy too offers two SA options, to be chosen by the policyholder at the inception of the policy. These are level SA (where the life cover remains constant for the duration of the policy) and increasing SA, where the cover increases 5 per cent every policy year, subject to a maximum of 200 per cent of the base SA.

The policy also offers enhanced features for additional premium, such as joint life cover, return of premium, premium break option, voluntary top-up of SA, accelerated critical illness, accident cover, waiver of premium and critical illness and disability rider.

What’s new

While Smart Secure Plus Plan is, by and large, similar to other term plans with respect to coverage and riders, it has two new features — special exit value option and premium break option.

Under the special exit value feature, a policyholder may choose to exit the policy and receive the premiums paid. That is, you can receive the entire premium paid for the base policy if you are 65 years or you have reached the 25th year (applicable for policy term from 40 years to 44 years) or the 30th policy year (applicable for policy terms greater than 44 years), whichever is earlier.

Though special exit value is offered in-built in the policy (without payment of additional premium), there are certain points to keep in mind. It is not available if the policyholder has opted for return of premium rider. It is also not available if the policy term is less than 40 years. Lastly, when a policyholder opts for special exit value, then only the premium applicable on the base cover has to be paid and not the premium additionally paid on riders or optional covers.

The second feature is premium break, where the policyholder can take a break from premium payment and still stay covered. The policyholder will be allowed to take this break twice during the policy term. If the premium break option is not exercised, the insurer will waive the last two policy year premiums. But the option is available only for policies with a policy term greater than 30 years and premium payment term greater than 21 years. The feature is available only under the regular pay and premium payment term till 60 years options.

Do keep in mind that this feature is available only on the payment of additional premium. Further, the first break is available only after the completion of 10 policy years and the premium waived includes base cover premium, accelerated critical illness benefit premium and accident cover premium. The second premium break can be exercised after a minimum gap of 10 years from the first premium break.

Both features have to be opted for at the inception of the policy.

Our take

When it comes to life insurance, it is best to go for a basic term plan, which is the cheapest life cover available in the market today. You can consider adding accidental death benefit and critical illness riders to your base plan and go for the ones available at a suitable premium.

When other riders like return of premium and waiver of premium are added to the policy, including Smart Secure Plus, the premium becomes steep. So for a 30-year old for SA of ₹1 crore (40-year term), with return of premium, the premium works out to ₹18,658 per year (including tax). But, a pure term life cover for the same person will cost about ₹7,300-12,000 a year.

The premium break option may not be useful for many as the income of an individual is likely to increase as he/she ages. Further, if there is any financial strain, he/she might as well go the special exit or early exit option instead of selecting premium break (for extra cost).

While it is advisable to stay covered for maximum number of years, the policy’s special exit options come in handy, particularly if you are in need of money. But you may not be able to avail this exit if you miss the said timeline (25th or 30th year). However, if you still want to exit the policy earlier, the insurer provides an option for early exit as well, but you may not receive the entire premium paid.

To sum up, you could go for this policy for its pure vanilla cover and special exit option. But if you want to go for online term plans, there’s a wider basket of policies to choose from.

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What is inflation-adjusted return – The Hindu BusinessLine

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A phone call between two friends leads to a talk about inflation-adjusted returns.

Akhila: What are you up to, Karthik?

Karthik: I was planning to buy a television set for ₹50,000. But I later changed my mind to save and invest that amount to buy a better version next year.

Akhila: I hope inflation doesn’t eat into your returns.

Karthik: What do you mean?

Akhila: A few economists expect inflation to rise going ahead. If that happens, your inflation-adjusted returns can be low or even negative.

Karthik: Can you explain that?

Akhila: If you invest that ₹50,000 at four per cent p.a. in a fixed-income instrument, your investment will be worth ₹52,000 by year-end. Say, the average inflation over the next one year is six per cent and the price of the TV set which you decided not to buy, becomes ₹53,000. Let alone buying a better version, your investment amount won’t be sufficient to buy even the current model.

Karthik: Ouch!

Akhila: Inflation-adjusted returns, also called real returns takes into account the inflation rate while calculating the return on an investment.

Karthik: How do I calculate real returns?

Akhila: You can simply subtract the rate of inflation from the return on your investment. In the above example, the real return on your investment would be -2 per cent. That is, 4 per cent return minus the inflation rate of 6 per cent.

Karthik: That’s pretty simple.

Akhila: The above formula gives an approximate rate of real return. To be precise, you can use the formula — ((1+return)/(1+inflation rate)) – 1.

Karthik: Are there any savings instruments in the market that offer returns linked to inflation?

Akhila: There used to be inflation-indexed bonds but they are no longer available.

Karthik: Equities would give higher returns, right?

Akhila: Equity is said to deliver inflation-beating returns in the long-run. But remember, for the sake of earning higher inflation-adjusted returns, you should not go for investments that do not fit your risk appetite.

Karthik: What are the alternatives in the fixed income space?

Akhila: You can consider floating-rate instruments, coupon rates on which are linked to interest rate movements in the economy, which are a play of inflation as well.

Karthik: I remember reading the Simply Put column in BL Portfolio a few weeks back that talked about floating rate instruments such as Floating Rate Savings Bonds 2020, the PPF and the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana.

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BBB recommends Harsha Bangari for MD post at Exim Bank

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The Banks Board Bureau (BBB) has recommended Harsha Bangari to the position of Managing Director in Export-Import Bank of India. Currently, Bangari is Deputy Managing Director (DMD) in Exim Bank.

The Board also recommended the name of Samuel Joseph Jebaraj, DMD, IDBI Bank, as the candidate on the Reserve List for the vacancy of MD in Exim Bank.

The Government had appointed the incumbent MD David Rasquinha for five years on July 20, 2014.

Bangari joined Exim Bank in 1995. Before her elevation as DMD, she was the Chief General Manager and Chief Financial Officer of Exim Bank.

Samuel Joseph’s was appointed as DMD of IDBI Bank for three years with effect from September 19, 2019. Prior to joining IDBI Bank, he was Chief General Manager with Exim Bank.

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IDFC First Bank Cuts Interest Rates On Savings Account. Details Inside

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Investment

oi-Vipul Das

|

For accounts with a balance of more than Rs 1 lakh but less than Rs 2 crore, IDFC First Bank has reduced the interest rate on savings accounts from 6% to 5%. The new rates will take effect from today i.e. May 1st 2021. The private lender previously offered a savings interest rate of 7%, which was reduced to 6% in February 2021. The bank has now reduced it even further, keeping it at 4% for accounts with a balance of Rs 2 crore to Rs 10 crore, 5% for balance up to Rs 2 crore, and 4.5 percent for balance of Rs 1-10 lakh. Savings account yields are higher at some mid-sized private banks and small finance banks. Fincare Small Finance Bank, for example, offers 5% interest on balance up to Rs 1 lakh. For balance up to Rs 1 lakh there are also some banks providing higher interest rates now such as RBL Bank – 4.75%, ESAF Small Finance Bank – 4%, Suryoday Small Finance Bank and Ujjivan Small Finance Bank with a similar interest rate of 4%. Whereas for the amount above Rs 1 lakh Equitas and Ujjivan Small Finance Bank is offering the best interest rate of 7%. And 6.25% is provided by Fincare and Suryoday Small Finance Bank. There are top public and private sector banks which are currently promising higher interest rates on savings accounts. For instance among the public sector banks Punjab National Bank is offering 3 to 3.5% interest rate, whereas among the private sector banks RBL Bank is offering the highest interest rate of 4.75 to 6.5%.

IDFC Bank Savings Account Interest Rates

Savings account interest will be determined on a progressive basis, as per the below listed rate slabs.

IDFC First Bank Cuts Interest Rates On Savings Account. Details Inside



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What to make of new MF skin in the game rules

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Should one take financial advice seriously if the advisor won’t face any consequences from his wrong calls? Would fishermen catch turtles instead of fish if they also had to eat them? Nassim Nicholas Taleb raised these questions in 2018 book, Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Life. He argued that for success in any profession, the seller needs to share in the risks of the buyer. SEBI has taken Taleb’s ideas to heart. To ensure that top officials of mutual funds don’t take out-sized risks and unleash losses on investors, it has now directed that top employees of mutual funds need to eat their own cooking.

New rules

· Key employees of asset management companies should be paid a minimum 20 per cent of their annual CTC (cost to company) after provident fund contributions and taxes, in mutual fund units in schemes in which they have a role. ‘Key employee’ here means not just the fund managers but also the mutual fund CEO, CIO, COO and many others. .

· If an employee has a role in multiple schemes, he or she should be paid units in proportion to their assets.

· If an employee or fund manager is involved with only one scheme, 50 per cent of his payout will be through units in that scheme and 50 per cent in others that he chooses, of similar or higher risk profile.

· These units will be locked in for 3 years.

· This won’t apply to employees handling ETFs, index funds, overnight funds and close end schemes.

· The compensation paid to each key employee in units should be disclosed on the mutual fund’s website.

These new rules are unlikely to transform a mediocre fund manager into a great selector of stocks or bonds, or transform him into a better navigator of market ups and downs. Therefore, factors such as the ability to beat benchmarks, track record across market cycles and downside containment matter far more than skin in the game (SITG) while choosing a fund.

To ensure that a fund manager’s interests are truly aligned with yours, he has to have a significant portion of his portfolio invested in the scheme he manages.

SEBI’s new SITG rules do not guarantee this. For a fund manager who has been in the profession for several years, 20 per cent of a single year’s net income will work out to a small component of his or her net worth.

. If they have no investments in a particular scheme to start with, the incremental investment from this rule is unlikely to be large enough to constitute significant SITG. Therefore, pay attention to the value of investments.

Is it voluntary?

In signalling preferences, voluntary actions by MF insiders count more than actions that are forced by regulations. Even before SEBI’s new rules kicked in, some AMCs had voluntary opted for SITG. Parag Parikh AMC has its promoters as well as key employees holding a ₹220 crore across its three schemes. Motilal Oswal AMC’s promoters are among the largest investors in its equity schemes while fund managers at HDFC Mutual Fund and DSP Mutual Fund feature very significant holdings by their directors and fund managers in some of their equity schemes. ICICI Prudential AMC has for a while now, been paying bonuses of its senior employees in the form of fund units.

When using SITG as an indication of where to park your money, therefore, run a check on the total quantum of employee investments in a scheme before this SEBI rule came into effect. Given that SEBI has allowed fund managers to allocate 50 per cent of their payout to funds other than their own, look out for fund managers investing in schemes that they don’t manage, as this is a strong indicator of schemes that they think highly of.

As SITG is not compulsory in index funds, ETFs and close end funds, these contributions are likely to be wholly voluntary.Watch out for trends that show insiders selling their SITG positions (which they can do after 3 years).

Don’t mirror allocations

Don’t try to copy the asset allocation patterns of MF insiders based on SITG information. Most mutual fund honchos are quite well-paid and may have a far higher risk appetite than yours. Therefore, SITG bets on risky categories such as small-cap thematic or credit risk should not be a reason for you to go whole hog on such schemes.

Two, by requiring non fund managers to spread out their SITG investments across schemes in proportion to their assets, SEBI’s rules automatically ensure large SITG investments for big schemes.

If an AMC’s largest scheme is their liquid fund or their arbitrage fund, this doesn’t mean you should fancy it too. How much of your own portfolio should be allocated between equity and debt and risky and safe scheme categories, should to be a function of your personal risk appetite and financial goals, and not anyone else’s.

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How market-linked debentures combine the qualities of equity and debt

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In bonds, the returns are known upfront. At the other extreme are equity investments, where returns are uncertain. Market-linked debentures (MLDs) combine the two. MLDs are bonds/debentures where the coupon or interest payout is not defined as in the usual bonds. The ‘payout’, which is your return from the instrument, is made contingent upon the movement in another market, referred to as the underlying. The underlying can be an index or a stock or any other asset such as the Nifty, Sensex, any basket of stocks, government security or gold, to name a few. The advantage is, you get the benefit of investing in another market by simply buying a debenture.

They provide principal protection (PP) i.e. irrespective of the movement in the underlying market, you will get principal back on maturity. So, your downside in a PP structure is capped because worst possible return is zero. The upside depends on the movement in the underlying and MLD terms.

Two options

A point to be noted is that under certain structures of the product, the linkage with the underlying market is real. In certain other products, the conditionality of linkage with the underlying market is designed with a low probability, so that you have a high degree of certainty on returns. The latter are referred to as fixed-income-oriented structures and are more popular. Here, while there is a linkage with an underlying, the conditionality is kept in such a manner that the probability of getting the indicated return (XIRR) is near-certain. In real market-oriented structures, the pay-off is contingent upon the movement of the underlying.

More than 80 per cent of the issuances in the market are fixed income-oriented. As an illustration, a fixed income-oriented MLD can have a condition that if the Nifty as the underlying does not fall 75 per cent from the initial level or the price of 10-year government bond does not fall by 75 per cent, then the investor will get the indicated return. This condition being highly unlikely, the investor can visualise the return. In a real market-oriented structure, the terms would state something like this — if the Nifty goes up by X per cent, the investor would get 75 per cent of the upside.

Tax efficiency

MLDs are tax-efficient. There is no coupon payment, as they are by definition dependent on the underlying market movement. Principal protected structures are listed on exchanges and hence over a holding period of more than 1 year, become eligible for long term capital gains taxation (10 per cent plus surcharge and cess.

Compared to regular bonds, there is significant tax efficiency. Bond coupons and the usual zero-coupon bonds are taxed at the marginal slab rate i.e. 30 per cent plus surcharge and cess. The tenure of MLDs has to be a minimum of one year from a tax-efficiency perspective, which is the LTCG horizon required for listed bonds. Usually the tenure ranges from 15 months to a tad over three years. These are an HNI product and are not meant for retail investors. While there is no legally defined minimum ticket size (like ₹50 lakh in PMS), wealth management outfits would like to sell in ticket sizes of, say, ₹1 crore. But, the ticket size may vary. It depends on the face value also. If the face value is ₹10 lakh, it goes in multiples of 10 lakh.

The risk factors in MLDs are two-fold: (a) default risk, which can be gauged from the credit rating and (b) liquidity, there is no liquidity in the secondary market. Hence, if you need to redeem prior to maturity, there may not be a buyer. Nowadays, there are many issuers hitting the market. The presence of a PSU issuer rated AAA in this space, such as the Rural Electrification Corporation, implies that the concept of MLDs has the implicit support of the Government.

Some of the new private sector issuers hitting this segment are Shriram Transport Finance, Muthoot Fincorp, Shriram City Union, Hinduja Leyland Finance, Manappuram Finance and M&M Financial Services. This product is largely meant for HNIs and is yet to be made available in retail lot sizes. The issuances take place through private placements (as against public issues). Investors can avail of this product from wealth managers and a few select bond houses.

The author is a corporate trainer and author

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